Ukrainian attack knocks out 73% of capacity at Russia's strategic oil refinery supplying Moscow
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The Yaroslavnefteorgsintez oil refinery, one of the top five largest in Russia and critical for supplying Moscow and the surrounding metropolitan area, has lost three-quarters of its capacity. Two of its three key units were disabled by Ukrainian drones. This was reported by Reuters , citing several informed sources.
The Yaroslavl Oil Refinery was hit by another Ukrainian strike on August 28. The damage was critical. The AVT-3 and AVT-4 crude oil refining units, with 40% and 33% of their capacity, respectively, were knocked out. Currently, only the AT-4 unit is operational, processing just over 11,000 tons per day. This represents approximately 27% of the plant's total capacity. The recovery timeframe is currently unknown. In August, Ukraine forced the full or partial shutdown of seven Russian oil refineries. This led to a second wave of the fuel crisis, which engulfed the entire country. The Kremlin is attempting to salvage the situation by increasing exports and lowering gasoline quality requirements.
Russia’s oil sector remains resilient, but its strategic foundations are weakening, HCSS energy specialists Jilles van den Beukel and Lucia van Geuns write in a new Expert Analysis. Sanctions have not stopped exports, yet they have increased costs, reduced efficiency and constrained access to technology and investment. Ukraine’s sustained strikes on refineries add direct pressure on the infrastructure converting crude into higher-value products. Maintaining effective sanctions enforcement, limiting access to critical technologies and sustaining pressure on Russia’s energy infrastructure can gradually reduce the profitability and fiscal capacity underpinning the war effort.
Since 2025, Ukraine has significantly expanded its attacks on Russian energy infrastructure, particularly through long-range drone operations. These strikes have mostly focused on refineries rather than storage facilities and pipelines. This is strategically important. Refineries contain complex equipment such as catalytic crackers and desulphurization units. These components are difficult to replace and can take months to repair. A refinery does not need to be completely destroyed to become a problem; repeated attacks can keep facilities operating way below capacity and create a permanent maintenance burden. As highlighted by the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, the impact of these attacks should be understood as a war of attrition rather than a search for a single decisive strike. The objective is not necessarily to destroy Russia’s refining system, but to force it into a continuous cycle of repair, adaptation and resource allocation.
Ukraine’s expanding drone production has changed the equation. Large numbers of relatively inexpensive drones can overwhelm air defence systems. Even when most drones are intercepted, a limited number reaching their targets can create significant economic disruption.
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