Russia's 10 largest oil refineries in Omsk, Moscow, and Tuapse were laid to utter waste by Ukraine
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After Ukrainian strikes on major Russian oil refineries, damage to them persists for weeks and even months. This is according to an analysis by the Financial Times based on refinery diagrams, photographs, satellite imagery, and thermal imaging data. Additional data was provided by the analytical group Frontelligence Insight.
It is noted that following the Ukrainian strike campaign, more than 30 percent of the plant's actual capacity and 45 percent of its nominal capacity have been disabled. Engineers are currently continuing to brief strike teams on which parts of the refinery systems are essential, the most difficult to replace, and the most likely causes of the plant's failure.
Specifically, at the Tuapse refinery, which was hit twice, the strikes destroyed more than a dozen large and medium-sized storage tanks with a combined capacity of approximately 80,000 cubic meters. Drones also destroyed an auxiliary processing unit built as part of the refinery's modernization program. Such units refine low-quality heavy crude oil into lighter products such as diesel fuel, aviation fuel, and gasoline. Other difficult-to-replace equipment includes the equipment that removes salt and water from crude oil before refining. One such unit was recently damaged in Omsk, one of the world's largest oil refineries, located 2,500 km from the Ukrainian border.
Experts told the publication that these units are crucial because they are located at the beginning of the refining process. Without them, a refinery could lose a significant portion of its oil processing capacity, even if the rest of the equipment remains intact. Repairs typically take up to several months. And it is damage to these critical components that leads to extended downtime, unlike the more dramatic impacts on oil storage tanks.
According to journalists, most traces of the attacks on Russia's 10 largest oil refineries, particularly in Omsk, Moscow, and Tuapse, remained visible from space weeks or even months after the last known attack. Satellite images show the slow progress of repairs. For example, at a refinery near Moscow, the white lid of a large oil storage tank still lies where it fell a month ago. Three smaller tanks, a pumping station, and the pipelines connecting them to the rest of the refinery also show visible damage.
The reduction in nighttime radiation around Russian refineries also indicates that the effects of the strikes take months to subside. Specifically, for facilities struck last year, this reduction lasted for more than 13 months. Thermal satellite images also show that the Kstovo Oil Refinery in Nizhny Novgorod, which was struck on May 18 and 20, is not operating. Specifically, in the July 18 image, the refinery's distillation unit still emitted no thermal signal.
The publication added that satellite images show that Russian oil refineries have expanded their drone protection systems by installing nets since 2022. However, the nets are only effective at catching erratic drones. They are unable to withstand waves of drones. One Russian businessman explained that when drones fly in a V formation toward a single point, the nets are ineffective at stopping them.
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