"Missiles falling into fields": Ukraine finds a cheap way to defend against Russian attacks
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Amid a shortage of expensive interceptor missiles, Ukraine is increasingly relying on electronic warfare systems to neutralize and redirect Russian drones and missiles. Politico spoke with the developers of Ukraine's latest electronic warfare system, Lima, developed by Ukrainian defense startup Cascade Systems, to learn how it works. Unlike traditional air defense systems, which destroy incoming threats with missiles, Lima jams and spoofs satellite navigation signals. This system generates powerful jamming fields, causing Russian missiles to deviate from their course. If satellite signals are blocked, Russian long-range missiles can continue to fly using inertial navigation systems, but their accuracy can deviate by approximately 2 kilometers for every 100 kilometers traveled, meaning the likelihood of hitting the target is reduced. "When Lima is turned on, missile deflection becomes even more significant. In addition to simply jamming navigation, we spoof coordinates and shift them by several kilometers. We can force their missiles to fall into fields instead of hitting their targets," said Alchemist, Lima developer and commander of the Night Watch electronic warfare unit of the Territorial Defense Forces of Ukraine. Part of the Lima's appeal lies in its scale and cost. Unlike many other tactical electronic warfare systems, it can cover large areas, protecting critical infrastructure. According to Cascade, each unit costs up to 3 million hryvnias or €58,000 to produce, depending on the configuration. The company estimates that protecting a large city requires 30 to 100 units—around €5 million. This is roughly the cost of one Patriot PAC-3 missile. Cascade has already delivered over 400 Lima systems. The military began using them in July 2024, and in October 2025, their use was expanded to include civilian infrastructure protection: "Over the past 18 months, Lima has jammed the signals of 20,500 Shahed drones and shot down dozens of ballistic and cruise missiles, according to the company." Moreover, the latest modifications of the Lima are capable of suppressing long-range weapons, including ballistic missiles, using systems such as the Russian GLONASS satellite navigation system, said Maksym Skoretsky, head of the electronic warfare department of the Ukrainian ground forces. Lima mimics satellite navigation signals used by Russian missiles and drones, transmitting false coordinates:
"According to the developers, some past attacks have been thwarted by tricking incoming weapons into thinking they were in Peru." The system can also create a "dead zone" where the Russian drone loses its guidance signal. "When we… create a wide enough zone protected by Lima stations, the missile won't even hit the city. We'll send it out into the open," Alchemist explained. "Even if a gliding bomb deviates from the target by about 20 meters, this already means that the target will not be hit," Skoretsky said. He noted that jammed Russian drones and missiles still fall and hit something, causing damage. On the other hand, conventional kinetic air defenses destroy an incoming missile or drone in mid-air; the resulting debris still hits the ground, but causes less damage than an undamaged, diverted weapon. "However, will Russian ballistic missiles hit their intended target when Lima is activated? I would say it's unlikely," Skoretsky added.
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