Rafale fighter jets begin hunting Russian Su-35s in Ukrainian skies; air battles intensify
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French President Emmanuel Macron announced that Ukraine would receive its first Rafale fighter jets as early as 2028-2029. Unian spoke with aviation expert Bohdan Dolyntse about how these aircraft will strengthen the Ukrainian Air Force and how they will compete with Russian fighters.
Expert says that Rafale is a modern, so-called 4++ generation aircraft. “This means it is technologically significantly more advanced than the Mirage 2000s that Ukraine received previously. It is equipped with a more advanced radar system capable of detecting, tracking, and engaging targets. It also has a modern, hardened radar and an onboard electronic warfare system capable of intercepting enemy missiles and disabling enemy radars. The aircraft itself has two engines, unlike the Mirage 2000 and American F-16, which have a single engine. Having two engines increases the cost of a flight hour by approximately 50%, or up to $30,000. This complicates maintenance and mission preparation. However, thanks to this, it achieves a near-supersonic cruising speed of Mach 1.4-1.6, allowing for fuel savings in this mode.
Secondly, the aircraft has a greater payload capacity, meaning it can be armed to perform several types of missions simultaneously. Specifically, this could include repelling air attacks and striking ground targets”, he adds. The Rafale's main rival is the Russian Su-35. However, it has some differences, including a significantly weaker onboard electronic system and a weaker radar, which is also less protected against electronic warfare. In terms of onboard electronic warfare and electronic intelligence systems, the French aircraft has a distinct advantage, as it is equipped with more advanced electronic warfare technology. In terms of armament, they are generally similar. Specifically, the Rafale uses Meteor missiles, which have a range of up to 200 km, while the Russian Su-35 has a slightly longer-range missile, the R-37M. However, it is less accurate and doesn't always hit its target effectively at long range. However, the real performance of these two aircraft will only be seen after both aircraft are used in combat. This aircraft has two engines and more complex avionics, it requires more equipment and resources for flight preparation than the Swedish Gripen. Its air intakes are positioned quite low, which, among other things, limits its ability to operate from so-called unprepared runways and airfields. This means it requires runways similar to those of the F-16: free of rocks and dust. At the same time, the Rafale is designed for carrier landings, so it doesn't have the same issues with the nose landing gear as the F-16, where it is much weaker and therefore requires very high-quality, smooth runways.
Every aircraft type requires specialized training or retraining. The Rafale is no exception. If we're talking about training new pilots from scratch, it will take several years. If we're talking about retraining or training pilots who already have certification and have flown the relevant aircraft, the training period will depend on the platform they've flown before. For pilots flying the Mirage 2000, the training period can be much shorter—up to six months—than for those flying Soviet-era aircraft, or even American F-16s, which can take a year or more.
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