Black Sea naval war heats up; Ukrainian strikes afield on the Russian naval base at Novorossiysk
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Ukraine and Russia have dramatically intensified attacks against civilian cargo ships in the Black Sea since Saturday, ending a tacit agreement between the two countries that technically neutral vessels would not be systematically targeted with anti-ship attacks, news reports said according to Kyiv Post.
Ukraine’s escalation in the form of drone swarms hit three oil tankers in two days, on Sunday and Monday, while the vessels were loading at a Russian oil terminal built for the export of third-party crude pumped from Kazakhstan. Ukrainian military and Kazakh official sources confirmed the attacks.
The Russian escalation in the form of a salvo of anti-ship cruise missiles on Sunday saw a bulk cargo ship loaded with grain in the Ukrainian port of Odesa attacked within sight of shore and the worst casualties suffered by a civilian ship crew of the entire war, among them 10 dead. Ukrainian naval sources and commercial maritime media in Ukraine and Turkey confirmed the attack took place and caused damage and casualties.
The most recent attack, a Monday air raid by long-range drones swooping in on Russia’s KTK Marine Terminal 26 km north of Novorossiysk, hit and set afire the crude oil tanker Nelsa as it was loading product.
The Cameroon-flagged tanker had, according to industry reports, been taking Kazakhstan-produced crude aboard when it was hit in the superstructure between the bridge and boiler rooms. Firefighters fought a blaze aboard the ship for most of the day , and 22 of the 24 crew aboard were evacuated, with the Master and Chief Mate reportedly remaining at their posts. Tuesday news reports citing shore-side eyewitnesses said the vessel currently at anchor appeared in no danger of sinking. Still, her starboard aft sections seemed heavily damaged by explosion and fire.
“KTK” is the Russian abbreviation for Каспийский Трубопроводный Консорциум, or Caspian Pipeline Consortium, a company formed in 1992 to facilitate export of Central Asian crude oil to international markets. Russia and Kazakhstan are major shareholders and Oman is a minority shareholder in the project. The multinationals Chevron, ExxonMobil, Shell and Eni reportedly own KTK shares as well. The Nesla is a confirmed member of Russia’s “shadow tanker” fleet, and the ship and its operators are under sanctions by the EU, the UK, Canada, Switzerland, New Zealand and Ukraine for helping Russia sell oil abroad in violation of Russo-Ukrainian War-related restrictions on Kremlin foreign energy sales imposed by those countries.
But Ukrainian strikes late last year on oil tankers in Russia’s shadow fleet, and farther afield on the Russian naval base at Novorossiysk, coincided with renewed Russian attention on Odesa. Vladimir Putin has long claimed Ukraine’s main port as Russian, and in December he threatened to cut the city off from the sea.
Taking Odesa, or even placing it under naval blockade, remains far beyond Moscow’s reach. Ukrainian naval missile batteries sank its warships, including most famously the Moskva,at the beginning of the war. So instead Russia has pounded the city with missiles and drones. Right now the situation in the Black Sea is like a chess board. There’s no way for anyone to move. Ukraine has pushed the Russian warships away to Novorossiysk, but Russian aviation still controls the air over large parts of the Black Sea. So now it is a grey zone, 25,000 km of sea turned into a grey zone.
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