Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the 16th President of the United States from 1861 to 1865, leading the nation through the Civil War. Born in a Kentucky log cabin and largely self-taught, he gained national attention in his 1858 debates with Stephen A. Douglas over the spread of slavery. Elected in 1860 as Southern states moved to secede, he committed himself to preserving the Union. His Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 declared enslaved people in Confederate-held areas free, and he urged Congress to pass the Thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery. His Gettysburg Address and his Second Inaugural Address, with its call for "malice toward none" and "charity for all," remain among the most quoted American speeches. He was assassinated in April 1865, days after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, and is remembered for his honesty, humility and devotion to liberty.
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The American Civil War
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), President Abraham Lincoln led the Union and issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Ulysses S. Grant rose to command the Union armies, while Robert E. Lee led the Confederacy's Army of Northern Virginia until his surrender at Appomattox in 1865. Harriet Tubman served the Union as a scout and nurse, and Clara Barton cared for wounded soldiers before founding the American Red Cross.
From Abolition to Civil Rights
William Wilberforce led the campaign that abolished the British slave trade in 1807, and in America Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation while Harriet Tubman guided enslaved people to freedom. Booker T. Washington, born into slavery, built the Tuskegee Institute into a leading center of education. Mahatma Gandhi's method of nonviolent resistance later inspired Martin Luther King Jr. in the American civil rights movement.
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