中国の若年失業率過去最高　外資撤退と民間企業の衰退

China's annual unemployment rate reached 18.8% in August, and has recorded the highest in the past year. China announced 24 employment measures to deal with the unemployment problem. The most notable of these measures is the expression that avoiding large-scale unemployment risks is the bottom line, and it is undermining China's current severe employment environment. On September 25, the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and the State Council jointly announced the opinion of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and the State Council on the implementation of the strategy of prioritizing employment and promoting high-quality and sufficient employment. Among them, in the section on overall conditions, the bottom line is to avoid large-scale unemployment risks, and to promote stable employment, adequate income, secure guarantee, and professional security. This was found in the same day's report by Xinhua News Agency. The opinion is that if people with a difficult job or university graduates who have not worked for less than two years after graduation work in a flexible manner, they should be provided with a certain level of social security assistance. In addition, it is the policy to introduce some new jobs by expanding the employment opportunities and income expansion of rural labor and promoting companies in rural areas by employing low-income workers and people in urban areas. In the comments section of related news, many people commented on how to implement it and said that anyone can do it if it is an empty policy, and criticized that the content was empty and abstract. Some people pointed out that if the people are strong, the country will be strong. In the opinion of the State Council, the bottom line is to avoid large-scale unemployment risks, which is a relatively new expression. In other words, it means that there is a large-scale unemployment risk. As an example, the State Council said at the end of 2022 that it would prevent the collapse of real estate, the collapse of local debt and the collapse of small and medium-sized financial institutions. These three problems have not yet been completely solved. They are simply trying to avoid the collapse This is the minimum standard for financial business, and it is required to avoid financial risks. Large-scale unemployment is a new risk. The most important thing in the overall situation is that the bottom line does not cause large-scale unemployment risks. The employment measures for 24 items are certainly comprehensive, and their directionality is good, but how to implement them? China's economist Hou Jiangbin pointed out that which was announced by the People's Bank of China, was more than 1 trillion yen per month, but in July and August it decreased to 1,000 million yen, and the unemployment rate decreased by about 90%. In July and August, the local government's financial situation was disrupted, but companies and individuals were hardly employed, and while the economy was not growing, there was no job for companies, so there was no reason to need employees, said Hou Jiangbin. Hou Jiangbin also analyzed that there are two problems that Chinese companies face, domestic capital companies and foreign-owned companies. At first, American and French companies, Taiwanese companies withdrew, and then Korea's Lotte and Samsung withdrew Then, the Hannichi incident occurred, and about two-thirds of Japanese companies withdrew. In addition, European companies, which are facing economic sanctions from the United States and the Ukraine issue, withdrew, and most of the advanced countries' companies withdrew from China, and the industrial chain was also taken away. Private companies have more than 80% of their new employment, but after foreign-owned companies withdrew, domestic capital companies were also closed. Since 2021, the pressure on the real estate industry has increased, and the internet economy, game industry, and education industry have been hit one after another. Foreign companies withdrew, and domestic capital also withdrew along with foreign companies, and some of them went bankrupt, and the transfer of companies progressed, and the employment problem worsened, said Hou Jiangbin. Hou said that stabilizing companies is the only way to stabilize employment. The Chinese authorities are trying to make foreign-owned companies bigger and stronger, but there is a tendency to promote new productivity, such as semiconductors and chips, and to promote new productivity, such as electric cars, batteries, and solar energy industry. But how can this solve the employment problem? A large number of employment depends on the traditional industry, and these industries that have been suspended have now become the focus of attention. But it's too late. There is no choice but to call back the companies that have now withdrawn to China, and for that to happen, foreign-owned companies need to be improved, said Hou. On September 24, the Chinese State Department's newsroom held a press conference. According to the press conference, the Chinese People's Bank, the State Financial Directorate, and the Securities and Exchange Directorate announced that if small and medium-sized companies do not withdraw cash, but only withdraw interest, they can extend the lending period. This is a very important piece of information. Originally, if a company cannot withdraw cash, it should be produced, but in order to support the existence of small and medium-sized companies, by withdrawing only interest without withdrawing cash, it avoids bankruptcy, and this policy will be expanded to medium-sized companies in the future. This is evaluated as a support measure for employment. The State Department also said the following. The solution to the employment problem is mainly suited to small and medium-sized companies, so if these companies are not supported, there will be a big problem. In addition, the support of the real estate industry is also directly related to the solution to the employment problem. In addition, the loan reduction is also a measure to stimulate consumption and investment. Since savings are not a benefit, they encourage companies to invest and force consumers to buy. On September 26, we held an analysis meeting on the current economic situation and economic work. In the same meeting, it was pointed out that there are new situations and problems in China's economic management. In addition, it was emphasized that support is needed for companies to overcome difficulties, and that the law to promote private economy and the need to provide a favorable environment for the development of the non-commercial economy. In addition, it was pointed out that the policy to promote marketization, abandonment, and internationalization, and provide a first-class business environment has been promoted in a hurry.