Landscaping and Hardscaping

Landscaping and Hardscaping

Landscaping and hardscaping are the planning, construction, planting, and maintenance of outdoor spaces around homes and other buildings. Paths, walls, decks, and fences form built elements, while soil preparation, lawns, gardens, and plant selection shape the living landscape. Lighting, drainage, and irrigation connect these elements with climate, durability, maintenance, and the conditions of an individual site.

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Three Ways to Compose a Landscape

The axes of Versailles connect the palace with long garden perspectives, while Central Park combines meadows, winding paths and formal gathering places. At Gardens by the Bay, planted structures add a vertical dimension, showing a different relationship between vegetation, built form and public space.

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