【故宮】 (2023), 故宮最大的建築材料-雲龍大石雕 \ 故宮乾清門右側廂房的功能 \內閣公文的處理流程 \ 乾清門左側廂房的功能 \ 清代的御門聽政 #北京 #故宮 #紫禁城 #乾清門
北京故宮一塊重達200噸的建築石材，在600年前是如何運至現地的？清代軍機處為什麼赫赫有名？乾清門左右兩側的廂房，在百年前是做什麼的？清代皇帝的御門聽政具體流程是什麼？本集節目一次完整介紹故宮內，被人忽視的重要角落。
How was a 200-ton building stone from the Forbidden City in Beijing transported to its current location 600 years ago? Why was the Military Aircraft Department so famous in the Qing Dynasty? What were the wing rooms on the left and right sides of Qianqing Gate used for a hundred years ago? What was the specific process of the emperor's imperial court in the Qing Dynasty? This episode gives a complete introduction to important neglected corners of the Forbidden City.
北京故宮導覽
北京故宮導覽介紹
北京故宮自助導覽
故宮導覽
北京故宫导览
北京故宫导览介绍
北京故宫自助导览
故宫导览
故宫导览介绍
故宫自助导览
故宫古迹自助导览
故宫文化
故宮雲台上面的前三大殿之後，又是一個新的廣場，叫做「乾清門前廣場」。在此之前有一件作品不容錯過，叫做「雲龍大石雕」！這是600年前、明朝永樂時期所製作的，全長大約是16.75公尺、重約200公噸，在工程機械較為原始的明代，是怎麼把它運過來的呢？學者們推測：可能是從開採地到北京的這段路上面，每隔一公里挖一口井，利用嚴冬寒冷的時候，把井中的水潑在地面上面，形成一條冰路，然後把巨石放在冰路上面，一路溜過來的。
在故宮的「乾清門前廣場」的西邊有一個大門，叫做隆宗門。這裡的北面有一連串的廂房，這些廂房在百年前具有不同的功能存在，從西向東分別是「總管內務府大臣辦事處」、「軍機處」以及守衛乾清門的「侍衛值房」。其中最重要的是「軍機處」，它是在1732年的時候所成立的行政快速處理中心。這是因為之前的「內閣」，處理行程非常繁複，尤其是清代的時間，其行政處理單位包括「漢本房」、「滿本房」、「漢票簽處」、「侍讀擬寫草簽處」、「中書繕寫真簽處」、「滿票簽房」、「稽查室」、「批本處」
等等。因此突顯出「軍機處」快捷的重要性。
在故宮的「乾清門前廣場」的東邊有一個大門，叫做景運門。這裡的北面有一連串的廂房，這些廂房在百年前分別是「外奏事房」這是受理臣子要送給皇帝的私人信件的地方、「散秩大臣值房」是負責皇帝以及皇宮安全大臣的地方、「九卿房」是官員在這裡等待皇帝召見的地方，和守護乾清門的「侍衛值房」。
乾清門前有一對鎏金銅獅，是用了330兩黃金、鍍了5遍而成。這裡是清代舉辦〝御門聽政〞的地方。這個制度是從清朝順治年間開始，到了康熙時期達到了最高峰！如果用春夏季節的時間來說的話，每一天的7:15分〝御門聽政〞正式的開始。當時情況大概是這樣的…在皇帝的右手邊落座的都是〝注記官〞，也就是皇帝的秘書團。他的左手邊是六部九卿的官員，按照宗人府、戶部、禮部、兵部、刑部、理寺、督察院、吏部、工部、通政使司的順序向皇帝報告，整個開會時間大概是兩個小時。
這個報告之後的過程，是皇帝用口頭批示處理的方式，大臣們的口述報告跟皇帝的口頭批示，都會被旁邊的〝注記官〞所記錄下來，可見的每個〝注記官〞他所針對的官員都不太一樣。
After the first three halls on the Yuntai of the Forbidden City, there is a new square called "Qianqingmen Square". Before that, there is a work not to be missed, called "Yunlong Stone Sculpture"! This was made 600 years ago during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. It is about 16.75 meters long and weighs about 200 tons. How was it transported in the Ming Dynasty when construction machinery was relatively primitive? Scholars speculate that wells may be dug every one kilometer along the road from the mining site to Beijing. During the cold winter, the water in the wells was poured on the ground to form an ice road, and then huge boulders were placed on it. It slipped all the way over on the icy road.
There is a gate called Longzong Gate to the west of the "Qianqing Gate Square" in the Forbidden City. There is a series of wing rooms to the north. These wing rooms had different functions a hundred years ago. From west to east, they were the "Office of the Minister of Internal Affairs", the "Military Aircraft Department" and the "Guard Duty Room" that guarded the Qianqing Gate. The most important of these is the "Military Aircraft Department", which was established in 1732 as an administrative rapid processing center. This is because the previous "cabinet" had a very complicated processing schedule, especially in the Qing Dynasty. Its administrative processing units included "Han Benfang", "Manbenfang", "Han Ticket Signing Office", "Shidu Drafting Office" "Initialing Office", "Zhongshu Photo Signing Office", "Full Ticket Signing Room", "Inspection Room", "Approval Office"
etc. This highlights the importance of the speed of the "Military Aircraft Department".
There is a gate called Jingyun Gate on the east side of the "Qianqing Gate Square" in the Forbidden City. There is a series of wing rooms to the north of here. A hundred years ago, these wing rooms were respectively the "Execution Room", which was the place where the ministers received private letters to the emperor, and the "Sanzhi Minister's Duty Room", which was responsible for the emperor and the minister of palace security. The place, "Jiuqingfang" is where officials wait for the emperor's summons, and the "guards' room" that guards the Qianqing Gate.
There is a pair of gilt bronze lions in front of the Qianqing Gate, which were made using 330 taels of gold and plated five times. This is the place where the "Imperial Gate Audition" was held in the Qing Dynasty. This system began during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty and reached its peak during the Kangxi period! If we use the time of spring and summer, "Imperial Gate Listening" officially starts at 7:15 every day. The situation at that time was probably like this... The people sitting on the emperor's right hand side were all "note officers", that is, the emperor's secretarial team. On his left are officials from the six ministries and nine ministers. They report to the emperor in the order of Zongrenfu, Hubu, Rites, War, Punishment, Lisi, Inspectorate, Personnel, Works, and General Affairs Department. The whole meeting time It's about two hours.
The process after this report is handled by the emperor's oral instructions. The oral reports of the ministers and the emperor's oral instructions will be recorded by the "note officer" next to him. It can be seen that each "note officer" is targeted by him. The officials are all different.