【故宮】 (2024), 坤寧宮的作用 \ 坤寧宮前的神桿 \ 坤寧宮內的廚房 \ 坤寧宮內的神偶和畫像神 \ 坤寧宮的胙肉餐廳 \ 坤寧宮的喜房寶刀 #北京 #故宮 #紫禁城 #坤寧宮

故宮內廷的坤寧宮，原本是皇后的寢宮，但在清代的早期，就變成薩滿教的祭祀地方。在坤寧宮的內外都可以看到滿州薩滿教的祭祀痕跡，例如〝索羅杆〞、〝窩車庫〞weceku(祖靈的意思) 、神偶-〝喀屯諾延〞Katun noyan、〝穆哩罕〞Murigan等等。但名義上坤寧宮，是皇后的正式寢宮，所以在與皇帝大婚的頭兩天，還是在這裡一起渡過甜蜜的時光。
Kunninggong in the inner court of the Forbidden City was originally the queen's bedroom, but in the early Qing Dynasty, it became a place for shamanistic worship. Traces of Manchu shamanism can be seen inside and outside Kunninggong, such as "Solo Pole", "weceku" (meaning ancestral spirit), idols - " Katun noyan ", " Murigan" and so on. But in name, Kunninggong was the queen's official bedroom, so she spent the sweet time here during the first two days of her wedding to the emperor.

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坤寧宮名義上是明清兩代皇后的寢宮，但事實上在順治十二年後，宮內有一半以上的面積，被改成薩滿教的祭祀地方。雖然如此…坤寧宮在名義上還是皇后的正式寢宮，所以在與皇帝大婚的頭兩天，還是在這裡一起渡過甜蜜的時光。

坤寧宮的前方，有一塊原本是用來固定一根杆的基石，這根桿子叫做〝索羅杆〞是屬於滿州薩滿教的儀式，滿州人家都會在家宅大門的東南方向，豎立這樣的杆子。這根杆子杆頂上有個方形容器，裡面裝得是米和切碎的豬內臟用來餵食滿人的神鳥-烏鴉(或喜鵲)，因為烏鴉曾經救過他們的祖先-努爾哈赤。所以以此來記念感恩烏鴉的功勳，坤寧宮前的杆子因為時光的磨蝕，現在僅剩基石讓人憑吊了。

從故宮的中軸線一路走來，到了坤寧宮時，會發現它的門沒開在正中央，而是開在東側，這是滿族屋子的特色，叫做〝口袋房〞，而且它的窗戶也不一樣，這也是滿族房屋的特色，叫〝吊搭床〞。

坤寧宮的正中央有個廚房，裡面有3口大鍋。在進行薩滿儀式時，其中2鍋分別處理各1隻豬，另有一鍋蒸〝切榚〞，這些都是儀式進行時所需的祭品。坤寧宮內的西北方面，供奉有三個薩滿教的神明，其中有兩個是神偶，另一個是畫像，都是滿人在熔合各族派時，所合祠在一起的產物，被統稱為〝窩車庫〞weceku(祖靈的意思)。其中一個神偶叫〝喀屯諾延〞Katun noyan(蒙古神)，另一是〝穆哩罕〞Murigan神偶，最後一個是畫像，滿語叫〝Nirugan〞，上面畫的是滿人共同祖先。坤寧宮的西牆神龕，供奉釋迦牟尼佛、觀世音菩薩、關聖帝君。

坤寧宮內靠南的地方，是皇帝、皇后吃〝胙肉〞的地方，所謂的〝胙肉〞就是水煮肉，不加任何調味料，以記念先人辛苦的狩獵生活。以上介紹的都是坤寧宮西側的地方，也就是薩滿祭祀場所。坤寧宮的東側是皇帝大婚的喜房。在這裡的南方柱子上掛著一把刀…這是滿人以武立國的習俗，用寶刀來象徵鎮守小孩的健康。和寶刀一起懸掛的有一個皮袋，裡面裝著滿人習俗〝換鎖〞下來的〝長命鎖〞。

坤寧宮〝喜床〞旁是皇帝的寶座，寶座上是嘉慶仿老爸筆跡所寫的〝坤寧宮銘〞。〝喜床〞和寶座上，另有一層建築，這叫〝仙樓〞，主要是供奉神佛的地方。


Kunninggong was nominally the residence of the empresses of the Ming and Qing dynasties, but in fact, twelve years after Shunzhi, more than half of the palace's area was converted into a place for shamanistic sacrifices. Even so... Kunninggong is still the queen's official residence in name, so they still spent sweet time here during the first two days of their wedding to the emperor.

In front of Kunninggong, there is a foundation stone that was originally used to fix a pole. This pole is called "Solo Pole" and is a ritual of Manchu Shamanism. Manchurian people will erect such a pole in the southeast direction of their home gate. pole. There is a square container on the top of this pole, which is filled with rice and chopped pig offal to feed the Manchu people's sacred bird, the crow (or magpie), because the crow once saved their ancestor, Nurhachi. So in order to commemorate the merits of the grateful crow, the pole in front of Kunninggong has been eroded by time, and now only the cornerstone remains for people to pay homage to.

Walking along the central axis of the Forbidden City, when you arrive at Kunninggong, you will find that its door does not open in the center, but on the east side. This is a characteristic of Manchu houses, called "pocket rooms", and its windows It's also different. This is also a characteristic of Manchu houses, called "hanging bed".

There is a kitchen in the center of Kunninggong with three large pots. During the shamanic ceremony, two pots are used to process a pig each, and another pot is used to steam "cut bananas". These are the sacrifices required during the ceremony. On the northwest side of Kunninggong, there are three shamanistic gods enshrined, two of which are idols and the other is a portrait. They are all products of the temples that the Manchus put together when they merged various ethnic groups. They are collectively known as " weceku " (meaning ancestral spirit). One of the idols is called Katun noyan (Mongolian god), the other is the Murigan idol, and the last one is a portrait, called "Nirugan" in Manchu.The picture above shows the common ancestor of the Manchus. The shrine on the west wall of Kunninggong is dedicated to Sakyamuni Buddha, Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, and Emperor Guan Sheng.

The south area of Kunninggong is where emperors and empresses eat "roasted meat". The so-called "roasted meat" is boiled meat without any seasoning, to commemorate the hard hunting life of our ancestors. The above introduction is all about the place on the west side of Kunninggong, which is the place for shaman sacrifice. On the east side of Kunninggong is the emperor's wedding room. A sword hangs on the southern pillar here... This is the Manchu custom of establishing a country by force. The sword is used to symbolize guarding the health of children. Hanging with the sword is a leather bag, which contains the "Longevity Lock" from the Manchu custom of "changing locks".

Next to the "Wedding Bed" in Kunninggong is the emperor's throne. On the throne is the "Kunning Palace Inscription" written by Jiaqing in imitation of his father's handwriting. On top of the "Wedding Bed" and the throne, there is another layer of building called "Immortal Tower", which is mainly a place for worshiping gods and Buddhas.