Die kaiserzeitliche Siedlung von Dülmen-Dernekamp

Yes, good day, ladies and gentlemen. Today I would like to introduce you to the imperial settlement of Dülmen-Dernekamp together with Christoph Grönewald. I have to admit that at first it does not sound so exciting about this imperial settlement. But if you imagine that it is in the Kreis Großfeld, after Großfeld-Lette, the second imperial settlement of the Middle Roman Empire, then it is something special. The finds from Dülmen date from the middle of the 2nd century to the beginning of the 4th century. The excavation was necessary because of the exclusion of a new construction site. This is the entire bright area in the upper area in the satellite image. The surveys by the LWL already showed which finds and which extensions we would have to expect. And in the end, this was also confirmed. So we were able to limit ourselves to an area excavation of only 16,500 square meters. In the first plan, directly below the horizon of the air, flat-covered ash was first visible, with darker stripes. These are also visible in the neighboring field due to the vegetation without excavation. These are medieval to modern-day wolfhounds. A well-known path runs in a slightly divergent direction from the hour button. And let's take a look at it in the profile. The modern path is still clearly visible under the ground. Also here at the very front in the plan. Below that is the massive ash deposit of about half a meter. It is repeatedly pulled through by individual tracks. But the path is obviously older than the ash. You can still see that in this gray color at the bottom. And it even has a gravel. A Gothic key found here dates back to the High Middle Ages. The level below the ash corresponds to our second plan. And there are numerous finds to show. My thanks go to everyone who stood outside in any weather to uncover these finds. There were quite a few. And we have them all on the screen now. Among them are also bomb funnels. There are traces of the Wolfhounds. There is a lot of natural in the way. There is also a lot of uncertainty. And then there are also the very safe imperial finds. And I gave them back here in yellow. For better visibility, I put a filter on it. And it looks like this. These are now only the settlement finds of the Roman Empire. This includes a house, two wells, a shipyard and three furnaces for iron processing. In the southern area then a collection of surium of very different graves and posts. Among them at least five grave houses. We can now take a closer look at some special finds. First of all, the only secured house. A one-ship building with dimensions of 14.5 x 7.5 meters. The posts still had a depth of about 30 centimeters. Noticeable are double post positions in the southern area. They also did not depict the dimensions quite as clearly on the northern wall. And then there is this charcoal veil. This is this gray area. This is now not a running horizon or a layer in the closed sense. But this is locally occurring charcoal, perhaps transported by animals in deeper layers. But also clearly limited in the area. Yes, this is what the secure grave houses look like in the plan. You can already see the very similar construction with a post on each side of the post, which were only visible under the actual grave house filling. It is also a construction that is quite common in other places. Here in Dülm, however, it is obviously the very binding standard to install grave houses in the same way. Yes, not just because of the size. Of course, wells are always highlights of the excavation. Let's take a closer look at one of the two wells. At the very top we had to make the decision for a profile line and we also hit the middle quite well. The result is then this continuous drawing. This gives the funnel shape again overall. This gives the steps again in the east and at the very bottom also the wooden box. Yes, because of the depth of three meters, this was of course not to be done in one go, but we had to take intermediate steps again and again, which were all documented three-dimensionally. Yes, like, for example, at the bottom left, the view of the wood preservation. And we were even lucky with the wood, that we can date this find via the dendrochronology. It will only have been laid after 286 AD. This well is part of the late phase of the settlement in Dülm. Not quite as deep, but still up to the adjacent limestones, this pit is enough here during the relief excavation in two different views. The wall is very steep to undercutting. A total of seven comparable finds were found on the area, which can probably be referred to as a stock pit. Somewhat rarer were pit complexes found. This one is already in plan 3 for better differentiation and can be seen cut. I show this find because of its typical find inventory for the settlement. On the right you see a small selection of the ceramics from this pit complex. This includes the local Rhine-Weser Germanic ceramics as well as the usual decorations here, such as lines with rhino patterns or wool grooves. In terms of the total excavation, the share of the Roman import ceramics is around 3%. This also includes the rough-edged jug from the type Niederbiber 96. Also from this find is a ring fiber. And with this I would like to hand over to Christoph Grünewald and the highly interesting metal find. Yes, a very good morning from me too. I like to present these finds because there are also some premieres for Westphalia, which we haven't had so far. The ring fiber, as Mr. Gohlicke has already suggested, is one of the first premieres for Westphalia. Of course, there are a lot of ring fibers in the medieval period, but they look completely different. Here with these rolled-up ends, whereas the ends, in contrast to Omega fibers, which are all a bit complicated, now protrude from the level. This is a form that arises somewhere in northern Germany in the middle of the imperial period, but with a fairly small number. Later, this swaps over to the Roman Empire. This means that it is assumed that Germanic nobles also brought this fashion into the Roman Empire. However, the number is relatively small. This usually belongs to men's clothing. But, as I said, there are relatively few finds. Here, too, it is from a settlement. Later in the Viking Age, you know that it is silver, but that is a different topic. A definitely Roman product is this Balteus coat. It has a diameter of just under 10 cm, so it is quite a thing. In this form, Balteus, of course you have to explain that, this is the Roman shoulder strap of the weapon belt, which you did not have to take off every time, but which you could simply overlap. And there is just always such a pad on it as a target. In this excellently worked form, this does not exist from Westphalia and beyond. There are a few finds from the Danish moor sacrifice site of Wiemose, also here again in the 3rd century. But this does not exist from Westphalia. Two simple specimens, one from Bielefeld-Sieker and one from Münsteraner Domplatz. This small, inconspicuous object is also a Roman object. Belongs to the horse carriage, just as a target wheel without function. So-called heart-shaped trailer, sometimes also called a phallus trailer. They also emerge in the 2nd century and run far into the 3rd to 4th century. How it looks, what all belongs to such a tarpaulin, you can see here quite a lot of small patches that are alternately attached to the belt. There is just a lot of space on such a horse. There is a tarpaulin from Belgium, where all this is still sewn on the leather in situ, or brought on, always alternating these different forms of patches. In the area of ​​riding, and thus also again like the Baltean whip, in the military area this tarpaulin with three-point holder is enough. This is also, of course, riding, military, a reference to an elevated environment. This form of the tarpaulin refers to the group Hasleben-Leuner, outstanding grave finds that we have, above all, in eastern Germany, further east, in the 3rd century. However, these people, these nobility graves of the Hasleben-Leuner group, have these traces of silver, while here, typically Westphalian, something more modest is now in iron. There is a parallel find, the so-called Grofelder Reiter from East Westphalia, also with two iron traces from a fire grave, but here a little younger. The Sporn from Döhmen should belong to the late 3rd or early 4th century, the Grofelder Reiter belongs to the 5th century. The outstanding find now, from a scientific point of view, may be this small inconspicuous disc. The whole thing is about 3 cm in diameter. At first glance, you really don't know what it is, but it is a cast form for fibers. One half is missing, the other half is missing. They were then connected to each other with pins that were inserted through these holes. On the right side, which is the casting funnel, you could pour in the liquid bronze and then take out the fibers. What was then cast with it, you can see here. At the top right, it is almost exactly the same type, a fiber from Beckum, but without the pin holder, which was attached later. At the bottom, you can see what the finished fiber looks like. It is not the same type, but you can see the wide spiral construction. There are only about a dozen such cast forms from all over Central Europe. Most likely, the cast would have been cast in a lost form, but there are experiments that the cast in bronze cast forms is very successful. The dillmänner form has led to a certain dog breeding, because my colleague Stefan Zeissler from Karl Griese made me aware that there are two more cast forms from the sunflowers from his Ritt, from the field of oak. The left one is exactly for the same type, also in the same way. The right one gives us riddles, we don't know exactly what was done with it. Mr. Zeissler is of course to be thanked for bringing this to our knowledge and that we were able to analyze it. To the cast forms. Here you can see the spread of this fiber form in the spread map of Lothar Schulte and in addition, in Roter Schraffur, find areas from which there are now a lot of these fibers, which Mr. Schulte did not know and could not know. For example, that we have at least half a dozen such fibers from Westphalia, and that there are also a lot of them from the Brücker area. This shows again and again that the spread maps that have been made in the past decades simply no longer fit, because the sunflowers are not there. And a kind of publication medium is missing, somewhere on the Internet or elsewhere, where such things can be published very quickly, so that the spread maps really represent realistic conditions and can be evaluated. But that's another topic. With that I would also be at the end and say goodbye to the picture of a Karolingian-style sword belt buckle, which, of course, is also another topic. Thank you very much for your attention.