William Wallace
William Wallace
William Wallace (c. 1270–1305) was a Scottish knight who became a leader of the First War of Scottish Independence against the English crown. Little is known of his early life; he emerged in 1297 as a leader of resistance after King Edward I of England had taken control of Scotland. In September 1297, together with Andrew Moray, he won the Battle of Stirling Bridge, a turning point that led to his appointment as Guardian of the Kingdom of Scotland. After defeat at Falkirk in 1298 he resigned the guardianship and traveled to France to seek support for the Scottish cause. He was captured near Glasgow in 1305 and executed in London. His steadfast refusal to accept foreign rule made him a lasting symbol of Scottish liberty, remembered in Blind Harry's 15th-century poem The Wallace and in the National Wallace Monument near Stirling, completed in 1869.
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Heroes of the Middle Ages
Charlemagne was crowned emperor in 800, and Roland, one of his commanders, became the hero of the epic Song of Roland. During the Third Crusade, Richard the Lionheart and Sultan Saladin faced each other as rivals who earned each other's respect. William Wallace led Scotland's struggle for independence, and Joan of Arc rallied the French during the Hundred Years' War.
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