Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc (c. 1412–1431), known as the Maid of Orléans, was a French peasant girl who led French forces during the Hundred Years' War and is honored as a national heroine and a Catholic saint. Born in Domrémy, she said that from about the age of thirteen she heard the voices of St. Michael, St. Catherine and St. Margaret, who called her to help the uncrowned Charles VII. At seventeen she won his trust, and in 1429 she helped lift the siege of Orléans and led the way to his coronation at Reims. Captured in 1430, she was tried by a church court in Rouen and put to death in 1431, at about nineteen. A retrial in 1456 declared her innocent, and she was canonized in 1920. Although a historical figure, her faith and courage made her a legend, celebrated in art, music and literature.
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Heroes of the Middle Ages
Charlemagne was crowned emperor in 800, and Roland, one of his commanders, became the hero of the epic Song of Roland. During the Third Crusade, Richard the Lionheart and Sultan Saladin faced each other as rivals who earned each other's respect. William Wallace led Scotland's struggle for independence, and Joan of Arc rallied the French during the Hundred Years' War.
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