Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi, born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869–1948), was an Indian lawyer and leader of India's independence movement who made nonviolent resistance a force for change. Trained in law in London, he went to South Africa in 1893, where being put off a first-class train compartment because of his race awakened him to injustice. There he developed satyagraha, or "truth-force," a method of nonviolent resistance grounded in truth and self-discipline. Returning to India in 1915, he led mass campaigns, including the 1930 Salt March and the Quit India movement of 1942. He lived simply, spun his own cloth, and worked for harmony between faiths and for the dignity of those then called untouchables. India gained independence in 1947, and Gandhi was assassinated the following year. His birthday, October 2, is observed as the International Day of Non-Violence.
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From Abolition to Civil Rights
William Wilberforce led the campaign that abolished the British slave trade in 1807, and in America Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation while Harriet Tubman guided enslaved people to freedom. Booker T. Washington, born into slavery, built the Tuskegee Institute into a leading center of education. Mahatma Gandhi's method of nonviolent resistance later inspired Martin Luther King Jr. in the American civil rights movement.
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