Edvard Munch
Edvard Munch
Edvard Munch (1863–1944) was a Norwegian painter and printmaker whose emotionally expressive art helped pioneer Expressionism, best known for The Scream (1893). Raised in Kristiania, now Oslo, he lost his mother and an elder sister to illness in childhood, and these early sorrows shaped his lifelong concern with grief and the inner life. After studies in Oslo and Paris, he developed in the 1890s a cycle of paintings called The Frieze of Life, of which The Scream, an image of human anxiety, became a symbol of the modern age. He also renewed the art of the woodcut. After treatment in a Copenhagen clinic in 1908–1909 he returned to Norway, and his paintings grew brighter; his murals for the University of Oslo's Aula, centered on a radiant sun, celebrate light, knowledge and renewal. He bequeathed his works to the city of Oslo, which opened the Munch Museum in 1963.
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Pioneers of Modern Art and Architecture
From the 1870s onward, artists broke with academic tradition and opened the way to modern art. Monet's Impression, Sunrise gave Impressionism its name, and Cézanne, who exhibited with the Impressionists in 1874, rebuilt painting on structure and form. Edvard Munch turned art toward inner feeling with The Scream (1893), anticipating Expressionism. Frank Lloyd Wright carried this new spirit into architecture, designing buildings in harmony with nature, such as Fallingwater.
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