(Video) Bitka, ktorá ukončila stredovek v Uhorsku

On August 29, 2026, exactly 500 years after the fateful battle, a major reconstruction of one of the most significant military encounters in Hungarian history—thereby also in Slovak history—took place near the town of Moháč in southern Hungary. The single battle took place on August 29, 1526, several kilometers south of the town of Moháč. In the afternoon, the Hungarian army of King Louis II met the larger Ottoman force led by Sultan Suleiman I. The battle lasted approximately one and a half to two hours and had devastating consequences for the entire Hungarian kingdom, marking its collapse and the beginning of a prolonged period of Turkish wars. The Hungarian commanders consulted several times before the battle and selected the most suitable terrain for combat. King Louis II and part of his council, including Chancellor Stephen Brodarics, wanted to wait for reinforcements, even for the army of John Zapolya from Transylvania and for Croatian detachments. They also proposed a further withdrawal to the north to avoid a direct confrontation with the larger enemy force. However, the majority of the nobility and soldiers, particularly under the influence of the commander-in-chief of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomóri, insisted on an immediate battle. There was firm belief that the Hungarian heavy cavalry could defeat the Ottomans. Eventually, their opinion prevailed, and they decided to raise the ox on the plain south of Moháč. The location was chosen deliberately. The relatively flat plain was suitable for a heavy cavalry attack. To the east, they were bounded by the Dunajské močiare, which hindered Ottoman maneuvering. They expected the Osmani to be filmed during their deployment and camp setup. In reality, however, it was not an ideal place. Osmani were deployed on an elevated terrace from which they had a view of the entire battlefield and an advantage in artillery fire. The terrain was the muddiest and most slippery after the rains. The unfortunate decision stemmed more from a heated head and overconfidence than from careful consideration of all options. The Ottoman main camp was located the night before the battle on the northern bank of the Karašica stream, about 10 kilometers from the battlefield. In the morning, the army marched into battle formation on the elevated terrace above the Moháč Plain. At the slope resembling a theater amphitheater, tents began to appear. Tábor was enormous. It stretched over several kilometers. In the center stood a large ceremonial tent of Sultan Süleyman I. Around him were the tents of the Vezirs, Janissaries, and Sipahis. Around 200 to 300 parts were placed around the camp by the workshop. The janissaries and part of the infantry took up defensive positions and quickly erected sharpened stakes as a barrier against the Hungarian cavalry charge. When the troops began to encamp, the Ottomans were still unpacking their baggage and setting up tents. The sultan eventually ordered that the camp be set up after all, but the encampment was already underway. After the victory, the Ottomans remained on the battlefield throughout the night. It's raining, and they're not staying put, are they? Or will more Hungarian reinforcements arrive? Young Hungarian king Louis II, as a gallow, walked around the approaching army before the battle. Palatine Štefán Pátori brought him forward before the entire army and showed him to the soldiers, so that all could see that the king was truly present. Some, however, doubted this. At the same time, he declared that the king was willing to fight to the end for his homeland, the Christian faith, and the wives and children of the soldiers. The king, together with the chief commander Tomóri, marched before the assembled army to inspire both the knights and the infantry. It was a typical medieval parade, the purpose of which was to boost morale. The first skirmishes and minor clashes between the Hungarian light cavalry and the Ottoman vanguard had already taken place several days before the main battle. They mainly tried to prevent the Ottomans from conducting terrain reconnaissance, so the enemy would not obtain precise information about the battlefield. On August 24, Tomori destroyed one Ottoman outwork. On the day of the battle, just before the main attack, the Ottomans sent their light cavalry, the Akinji, to encircle the Hungarian right wing. Tomori sent several hundred royal Hussars against them. At first, the Hungarian cavalry had success and routed the Turks, but ultimately the superior force pushed them back. It involved typical reconnaissance and disruptive actions of light cavalry. Rapid advances, clashes on the plain, and attempts to outflank. Not major battles. They served to test the enemy and gain an advantage before the main assault. At noon on August 29, 1526, the main body arrived at the house. The Ottomans set out from their camp near the Karašica stream at dawn and advanced in battle formation toward the elevated terrace above the plain. The first detachment arrived around noon and began descending onto the plain. The Sultan and the rest of the army arrived later. The Austrians had already withdrawn by then. When Tomóri saw the Ottomans beginning to rise from their camp, he decided to launch his attack sooner, before the entire Ottoman army could get into formation. Around 3:00–4:00 PM, he ordered the attack. The Hungarian cavalry broke through the first Ottoman line and caused chaos. It seemed the Hungarians had the upper hand. However, the Ottomans quickly recovered. The janissaries, artisans, and cavalry joined the fight. The janissaries and artisans, linked together by chains, opened intense fire. The Hungarian heavy cavalry came under crossfire and collided with the Ottoman barricades. At the same time, the Ottoman light cavalry outflanked the Hungarian wing and struck Attila in the flank. The situation quickly turned into a catastrophe for the Hungarians. The right Hungarian wing collapsed. The infantry in the center, left without support from the cavalry, was surrounded. Tomori fell while attempting to halt the retreat. The second contingent with the king also became involved, but it was already unable to turn the situation around. The Hungarian army began to retreat. Ottoman cavalry pursued the retreating forces and killed a large number of people. Almost all the infantry were killed, as they had no chance to flee quickly. A portion of the cavalry survived, but many died in the swamps and streams. Altogether, according to estimates, around 16,000 Hungarian soldiers died on the battlefield. Others perished during the retreat in the swamps. Twenty-eight Hungarian magnates, seven or eight prelates, archbishops, and bishops, and around 500 nobles lost their lives. The fleeing Hungarian king, Louis II, departed the battlefield. When it became clear that the battle was lost, the king fled the battlefield with a small retinue. Later that year, Perényi switched allegiance to Ferdinand of Habsburg and handed over the Holy Crown to him. The country thus split, and a civil war began between the two kings. Ferdinand I. and his descendants retained the title of King of Hungary.