腿部肌肉 2

這週我們要探討的是下腿 這裡有上週的圖片 先來補充一下 我們有下腿和下腿的圖片 在Zoom Q&A中我們補充了一些圖片 我會補充下腿和其他部分 首先是下腿 然後是下腿 然後再補充下腿和下腿的圖片 先來做一個簡介 讓我們回到下腿的整個概念 從旁邊可以看到下腿的形狀 這就是下腿的肌肉 然後我們會連接到下腿的旁邊 這就是下腿的形狀 或是像冰淇淋一樣的形狀 然後在下腿的旁邊 我們可以看到下腿的形狀 我們可以說這是一個薄餅 這是下腿的形狀 然後這是圓形的形狀 我們可以把下腿的圖片留著 這樣我們可以看到前腿的形狀 這就是下腿的形狀 上腿的形狀 不然我們可以把它當成一個過程提醒 這是一個開始 這樣我們可以看到 一些東西正在建造 下腿的肌肉 這是很重要的 我們可以看到 上腿的形狀 這樣就完成了 我們來看看下腿的形狀 下腿的形狀 我們需要最大的肌肉 我們可以做到 我們需要最大的肌肉 像這樣 下腿的肌肉 接下來再看下腿的形狀 下腿的形狀 像這樣 下腿的形狀 This was the vastus medialis This was the sartorius Down to the tibia This was the opening in the hamstring Your two tendons going to the tibia and fibula And then on this side, let's do the same Sometimes if you want to, you can use instead of one big egg, you can use two So like one egg here And this might help you work through the gesture a bit more And if you like using a second egg Let's start it right at the bottom of the box Which you can kind of see right here And that would be stretching this leg This leg is pulled out in a way So you kind of line up the shape in the same way But here I'm going to give it more of an S-curve And I'm not adding structural fat yet So we're going to have it Kind of resemble more so just the muscle shape And then when it's Completed, it's wrapped It's going to come out And over to the Real tibia tract And then we have the shape This is a big S-curve It wraps with the muscle under And then just kind of Blends in with that You can divide the shape up the same way From the top of the sacrum Find that Cleus medius And here go forward Up over The same thing when it ends When you get to the Outside of that And then we could have a little bit of that Tensor here coming down And that would just be Also kind of fusing into the big Fat tract Over The vastus lateralis And so we always put a bit of a Half tone or a pinch there Because of how much it influences that shape So just be careful That you don't see more than what's there Sometimes we pull Because this feels split up Think that this is one muscle And then this is one muscle It's not, it's just that it looks like two separate things Because this tract Pinches it in a way that Causes it to feel separate So that's what's happening there And then hamstrings Are also going to be Underneath the I think with the shoulder Of the maximus Just clean up some of this Side view The side view same thing Maybe here you could use the two egg idea Or Cashew shape would be good Cashew shape meaning Kind of getting the shape of the maximus Going two directions And then that's going to go here Into the The wrench I'm just kind of ending that line I don't see the sacrum But I can kind of guess where it would be So I'm going to make my hip this way Go across This is my pizza shape The gluteus medius And then back down And that's grabbing Retrocanter So just the vena femur This is the little space For you to get your upside down ice cream cone Which is the Surface And then this also Goes into that What we talked about Last week So astus laparalis is this one Rectus femoris is this one Maybe you would see A little bit of the sartorius Going to the other side So that would be overlapping To the inside of the body Hamstrings are straighter That's your bicep Essentially of the leg And then that one is More or less done So that gives us some context Just the ideas that we've covered In other lectures And how they would all look In this one So let's go ahead and take a look at the lower leg This will be a little bit easier Just because we've done a lot of the Hard work with the heavy lifting But we are going to keep it to the same Workflow So in the lower leg you can see three shapes Let's say I want to learn an area And if I need three shapes Or three muscle shapes That's really it One of them Is going to be the calf Another Is I'm going to put a uniform shape On the front of the leg That are your extensors These are by the way flexors They also just kind of constantly Hold a tension in your The back of your leg And heel And then I'm going to show something That is basically a transition Into the foot Which is a tendon ramp It's another shape that I use It just happens here not to be Muscle in the same way That other shapes are So let's go in order Let's start with our calves And then work down to the ramp So from the back Is the easiest place to see the calves What kind of landmarks Do I need for the calves We need our fibula We need to have your H which is the end of the Hamstrings And then this is the crease Of the back of the leg We need to be able to identify The placement of the ankle We have our inside to outside Remember if you have a hard time Placing the ankle You could divide this into thirds It's usually Medial ankle is the first one Lateral is the second And then the remaining space Is your foot You could break that up What's really important for this muscle Is that I'm able to find the heel block So this would be Your calcaneus bone Which is just your heel The big bone that sticks out the back So the ankle Is grabbing onto the structure Of the tarsus Which is the bones in your foot And so this side Would be the tibia This side is the fibula But we're going to get a lot of Okay so let's start With just one big shape Let's make this an egg That was just a big egg shape And I'm going to Just start I'm going to feed it into that little space Even if it's just a bit of an overlap And then bring it down about Two thirds Something like that I think this is a challenging area Because the perspective is so narrow That it's hard a lot of the times To get something that looks good With like a box or a cylinder But sometimes I just create the shapes And then overlap them together Okay So that is the calves Now if we were to see the foot In a different position Like here the foot is raising So the heel is picked up off the ground That means that this is working So part of the job for this muscle Is that it's ending with a tendon Excuse me Here's a common tendon This could be one of our shapes We have one Two And I'm going to divide the inside So this is your Achilles tendon You guys know Achilles The warrior that was Almost invulnerable Because he was dipped into The magic river by someone And they held him here So by holding him at that tendon They had their Fingers covering it And it didn't get covered By the water like the rest of his body So this is a weak point So it's a really important area You know stories are just a way To give a reference to all things That maybe we do or don't understand Explain them You also see this cut in horror movies Monsters always try to get this And they're both kind of similar In the sense that they're explaining A real vulnerable part of our body But if this is Ruptured in any way We can't walk So to help the Achilles Quality If you want you can make You could give this even more Of maybe a warrior type design By giving it a bit of a Like a sword shape Maybe if you want a better Iconic shape to remember By way of creating a muscle Give this a little sword shape So that it feels like it's connecting To the muscle above Now going back to What I was saying That's the part Now you know the position To be clear It connects the back of the Calcaneus or the top of the calcaneus And then the muscle attaches A couple areas One of the muscles in your calves Attaches at the fibula Then the other one Attaches to the back of your knee And that's why this little window Or space is so important Is that it has to get through that To the femur So part of position also is gesture So this would be more of a stretch shape Like I was saying over here If the ankle lifts up This muscle is going to Splash So we're thinking right These are the same basic size It's just that in this scenario Over here The muscle has flexed And as a consequence of flexing By attaching to the knee and to the ankle It's been able to pull this ankle Up a little bit Or I'm sorry The heel up a little bit higher So now this is kind of Up off the ground So crucial to how we walk Or just how we stay upright So this is Squashing Getting more of a C-curve This is a bit more relaxed In terms of elongated shape Or perhaps an S-curve The last is the perspective And part of that we can find By looking at the parts inside So for both of these We have two The shape And then the dagger or the knife But there's one more shape in your Let's give it a color Do the same thing On the other side So we have something Identified there So the calf is two muscles One on top of the other So from the fibula I'm gonna draw this Kind of as if it's see-through You have one muscle That goes in a diagonal Across the body Called your soleus And this one's oftentimes Harder to see from the back Because it's a little bit smaller So your soleus is like this It might also end up being A little bit lower But it attaches under the tendon So that sword that you created It goes on the underside But without The other muscle that's there This one would never attack So now let's Color that back in up here Now this one that I'm trying to draw right now This one is called your gastrocnemius As flexor And that one Attaches to the back of your femur In order to do so It has to get to the femur By way of this opening So that kind of hollow Or pocket that you can feel Behind your knee Or between your hamstrings Is an important one Because that's where this muscle ends And it can be seen To have a kind of separation If you do a real close study I draw on this one It has two little fingers At the top One of each On each side It is grabbing onto the back of the femur Remember we described the femur As kind of like this bow tie Or spool shape And then these Wrap onto each side And that's how it will latch onto that bone This here again Being the flexor So in terms of The shapes that I'm seeing We have gastrocnemius now That's one That's this more prominent shape It has the Split or looks like a triangle At the bottom And that's the muscle that creates the tendon Or the tendon would be connected to The soleus Is just a bit harder to see But it would in this case be under Or in front Of the gastrocnemius That would be kind of Not as visible here Those are the three And those are going to be Most of your lower leg From most views Because again this is like the We talked about the discrepancy In width From the front of the leg To the upper leg And back of the leg We described that the front of the leg Is wider The lower leg Back of the lower leg This is a bigger muscle group Than anything that's on the front So even when you're dealing with The front of the leg The contour or the width of that leg Is still the back I know that's kind of a head Or a screw for most people But It's a really helpful Idea to keep in mind So that you don't overdo the legs But that would be done That would be a completed leg drawing From the back and notice how We've maintained rhythm and asymmetry All the way down That idea of gesture is present Even in All of the muscles So this here It's one thing to keep in mind Is that even your calf is high to low This muscle itself is higher on the outside Lower on the inside And then that's Offset with your ankle Because your inside ankle is higher on the inside Lower on the outside Okay let's put this in another view Let's do this same shape Up on the front And we're going to work with Leave this here so that you can still see it And I'm going to build it up A little bit more slowly So we're going to use this orange color Which represents the soleus Soleus starts from here So it's on the back So I'm not going to cover the bone And it would start like this It's going to go down Nothing really covers the Tibia too much So this is a plane And that gray area is mostly vacant And the soleus Is going to be continuing over here And from the front view It looks to me more triangular So you can even put in like a little triangle If that helps you remember it But do notice that it's offset So that's soleus Then gastrocnemius Remember that goes higher So that's going behind the knee This one starts much lower So this here Is going to be the Larger calf that's on top This is the one again That's making the Soleus tendon So that's going Going down here this way And then we could do it Kind of starting back here Let's see if that bone Is a little more prominent So in this view you could start Like I started with The separate shapes Just so you can see A different perspective on how the muscles build But what I would recommend When you're doing your homework Or working with this area Is just to treat it as one uniform shape Just like I did here So just this single shape I think is the best way to try to use this muscle Most of the time Commonly we would see the Gastrocnemius on this side But I think because it's turned away It just doesn't have the same We don't have as well As good a view of it So there's our calf The other shape that we're going to have in here is Extensor tendons And when I draw those So now that I'm looking at this one So let's say that the calf is This is just one shape Now the extensor tendons The yellow So you have a big egg That kind of sits off the side of your tibia And attaches down at an angle Without really ever covering The shaft of the tibia And this gives us a couple shapes So it gives us one here And I just would caution Everyone to be really careful When adding this Because you can all feel your shin And you know that it's a plane That doesn't have a lot of mass to it It's mostly just a sharp plane And sometimes when I see people Adding these shapes specifically They tend to get really really built And so it kind of looks like The front of someone's leg is exploding But what I'm trying to get you to see here Is that this is a muscle group That sits over the bone So this is the bone And then behind that bone of the tibia Is the calf In this kind of broadening Because everything here is still Thin to thick From front to back Is what we have on our lower leg And the calves is flexing These muscles So this is a group I'm summarizing this as a group They're extensors So this They run the gamut from muscles That would maintain the arch of your foot Extend your toes You know Extend your big toe Or smaller toes But it's a good introductory shape To start to get familiar With the mechanics of The lower leg and foot So that would be our second shape We have one for the calf Two for the extensor And then because I don't want anyone Isolating a muscle to a part I want you to make a ramp From the bottom of this one That just goes down and into the foot And I'm going to draw it here As like an arrow And this is why The front of your ankle Or the transition From the front of your leg into your foot Is curved and fluid Because all of these tendons From the extensors Get cinched down By what's called a retinaculum Which is like a bracelet Or an anklet in this case And so they hold All of these tendons down And so it creates this smooth curvature That just then flows out into your toes And that would be done So how can I double check Well I would come up and say Are all the things that I made on the Leg and the back consistent here And the answer is yeah So if I do the abductors They're higher as a curve to the adductors Abductors are higher as a curve To the quadriceps Down, sartorius Half Outside to the inside And then heel So every muscle Is in some kind of asymmetrical relationship To the next Just like our gestures From the very first week And that's why we did gestures in the first week So you'd be sensitized to the way Anatomy actually works This is a massive, massive Secret To kind of developing Consistent feeling of realism Regardless of if it's Photorealism or just a Realism and character design For cartoons It's just this Understanding and use Of the asymmetry So that one's done We have our one, two, three shapes Now let's See from the front, the back Let's also do the outside So you can see all the same So just some Preliminary work To set it up Here's the tendon Here's the patella This is the fibula This is the tibia Inches down would be the tuberosity Of the tibia The fibula is very straight Going down to the second third Here From the back view The heel block Can look like a box or a cylinder Here's the design of the foot I hadn't planned to go over the foot But maybe I'll post a couple videos That just give you the basics of it If anybody wants to learn it And so first thing Let's design our calf I'm going to do the same thing As I did on this front view I'm going to go through them as individual shapes So that you'll remember what they are But again when I draw it You should follow the same process Start with the biggest shape or your part Position it So that it has a gesture Relative to the beginning and end Where it connects Lastly make sure that you're working To get its perspective Most of the perspective here I've done with overlaps This is in front of this The T overlap is what's helping me To set it up First is the soleus If we look at that from the side The leg looks more like a sandwich The soleus goes here Goes from the fibula You have to imagine this Going diagonally across The lower leg To the other side And then ends right here Over that Is the gastrocnemius That goes higher To the back of the knee It's grabbing onto the back of that bone I'm showing that it's moving there With the overlap It comes down It's a little bit higher than the soleus And then this is what's going to create The tendon Now if the heel were lifted I would just squash that shape Just like I did here Now let's create our tendon Tendon is going to be that sword And it's Down to the Heel And another area you could look Usually the Achilles tendon Is pretty noticeable Sometimes there can be a little shadow In the space of the tendon there So that's done So I would say In terms of our remembering an area This is still just one for me though Because I could have Also just done our shape And then tendon So that's one shape Second shape that we're going to see From the side would be Sensors The green one Let's grab it Let's move the same shape over So I'm kind of thinking Here Make an egg The only thing I don't want to have happen And why I'm showing this one at all Is I don't want You have to avoid anything that looks too buff For the lower leg Or else this is going to look like it's broken We could fill that in And then that becomes The tendon rank which is the third shape And that's what's giving us This curve design Since you're You're going to have to indicate At least somehow this week What I would do is Just create triangles If it's a profile You can keep a triangle that's longer If it's a front view You can keep a triangle that's Less wide Sometimes I'll put a little Not sure where the big toe is So it can be a really simple Indication You want to have something there So you don't just have Legs without feet And then this would be If you have a hard time Getting the proportion The general rule is that The height of the lower leg You can find that height And just kind of take Where the halfway would be From here If you create a perfect box From there That should lead you to the length of the foot So There's also Later on a more developed Picture of this Will fill in more muscles Expanding on the extensor group I don't think that's something that you have to do But one example of that would be that On the outside of your leg You have a muscle called the fibularis And that sits right on top of the fibula It would be part of your extensor group This muscle Looks like a really long skinny eight Just to give you an idea Of the kinds of things You'd be finding in here If you were to break up the extensors The long skinny eight The same thing as the soleus Or the calf muscle In terms of the design It's layered So the muscles are stacking This top one's on the lower one And then this creates a tendon That hooks under your ankle So it hooks under there And that re-directs it And shoots it to the middle of your foot And that's what keeps your foot arched Because this is almost always Kind of in a constant tension And without that arch It's pretty uncomfortable for us Other things That I want to look for here In terms of the asymmetry Let's double check our big picture again Maximus is high To the quadriceps Which are slightly lower Quadriceps are high To the hamstring Which is slightly lower To the knee To the calf To the extensors All the way down So that would be successful But if I can say that I've got my part The positions, the perspective And it results in this Overall uniform Feeling of rhythm and flow Returns us back to our first week In terms of the designs That were really important to us That is the most important End result that we're looking for So that's it This week's a little bit easier And It's a bit of a break in a sense Because we start the arms next Which are way more intimidating And confusing So if you have questions When you're looking at this Write them down And we can go over them at the Zoom Q&A Or if you want to fill in other views Maybe we'll leave that So that we can do that together In our Q&A session So hopefully this makes sense So the leg is a total Upper leg, three shapes Hip, three shapes Lower leg, three shapes