2 Video Views·Feb 18, 2025 #pcos #medtoday Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a syndrome of ovarian dysfunction, with associated hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovary morphology. It affects around 5 to 10% women of reproductive age. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an incidental finding on ultrasound scans in about 25% of women. However, only a small number of them develop the full-blown syndrome.
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polycystic ovarian syndrome is a
syndrome of ovarian dysfunction with
associated hyperandrogenism and
polycystic ovary morphology it affects
around five to ten percent of women of
reproductive age polycystic ovarian
syndrome is a common incidental finding
on ultrasound scans in about 25 of women
however only a small number of them
develop the full-blown syndrome
the exact cause for polycystic ovarian
syndrome is not known
however frequent familial trend directs
towards a genetic cause
following are the clinical features of
polycystic ovarian syndrome menstrual
irregularities
about 75
of women with the disease complain of
menstrual irregularities either
oligomenorrhea or infrequent cycles or
amenorrhea or complete absence of
menstrual cycles
subfertility is also present in about 75
percent of women obesity and metabolic
syndrome is present in about 40 percent
of women
circulating excess androgens lead to
features such as acanthosis negligence
hirsutism
acne
and obstructive sleep apnea
other signs of hyper androgenism such as
clitoramegaly increased muscle mass and
deepening of voice indicate the extreme
version of polycystic ovarian syndrome
which is also referred to as
hyperthercosis
patients may also have an elevated blood
pressure
finally women with this disease are at
risk of developing complications such as
type 2 diabetes and endometrial cancer
the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian
syndrome can be made if the patient has
at least two of the following features
menstrual irregularities either
oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea clinical or
biochemical hyperandrogenism
and polycystic ovaries are an ultrasound
ultrasound criteria for polycystic
ovaries consists of the presence of 12
or more follicles within the ovary with
a diameter of two to nine millimeters
and ovarian volume larger than ten cubic
centimeters
following are the treatment options for
polycystic ovarian syndrome
combined oral contraceptive pills to
regulate menstruation they also increase
the sex hormone binding globulin in
blood which reduces androgenic symptoms
cyclical progesterone to regulate
withdrawal bleeds
clomiphene to induce ovulation when
infertility is an issue
lifestyle changes such as dietary
modifications exercise and weight loss
for the treatment of androgenic symptoms
effler nithine cream and soprata and
acetate can be used metformin can be
used in people who have developed
diabetes and people with cardiovascular
risk factors gnrh analogs are usually
reserved for females who do not respond
to above-mentioned treatment options
finally surgical options such as ovarian
drilling can be done to enhance
ovulation
