The rules of euphony in Ukrainian and Russian

Hi everyone and welcome to my channel. My name is Anna and I am a tutor of the Ukrainian and Russian languages. English is not my native language, that's why sorry for my mistakes. And today we will talk about the euphony in Ukrainian and Russian and why the Ukrainian language is a stinging language. I don't say that some languages are better or worse, I just compare the languages. In Russian and Ukrainian languages we have the rules of the euphony, but in Ukrainian language we have more of these rules and Ukrainian language is more flexible because of it. And now you will understand why. And now let's look at these rules and let's compare Ukrainian with Russian. And first thing what we will see this is conjunction and. In Russian language we have the conjunction and и. For example, Это мои брат и сестра. You can see also the conjunction да. It also means и, but usually we use this in literature or in proverbs. The conjunction да also can replace но and и к тому же. And let's look at some examples. Отсталый да ленивый всегда позади. You can say also Отсталый и ленивый всегда позади. Or Зайду в магазин, куплю хлеба да молока. Зайду в магазин, куплю хлеба и молока. Or the other example. Я хотела вернуться домой пораньше, но друзья уговорили остаться. You can say Я хотела вернуться домой пораньше, но друзья уговорили остаться. But in the most sentences we use only the conjunction и. In the Ukrainian language the conjunction and has several types. It's и, like Russian и, ию and та. And why does Ukrainian has so many and and how we can use them? And here there is a rule. If in the sentence we have the consonants between our and we should use the conjunction и. For example, Это мой брат и сестра. Consonants, consonants between и. Ивин пришел и сед. If in the sentences we have the vowels between our and, better to use the conjunction и. For example, Это Марина и Олег. Or between the vowel and consonant, better to use и too. For example, Она пришла и села. But between words that convey the same concept, better to use the conjunction и. For example, Батько и мати, сестра и брат, черный и белый. But if the second word starts from the letter Ю or the vowels Я, Ю, Е and Ю, we cannot use the conjunction Ю. Better to use И. For example, Алина и Йосип. Or Яна и Юрий. Or after the letter Ю and the vowels Я, Ю, Е, Й, we also use the conjunction И. Она танцует и спевает. I hope I didn't confuse you. This is important for people who are going to take an exam. But for beginners, you can just pay attention if too much consonants to use vowels and opposite. Or choose the conjunction which you like more, what you think sounds better. By the way, in the literature you can meet a lot of exceptions and variations. Because the most important thing is how it sounds. And we also have the conjunction ТА. You can use ТА instead of И or Ю for variety. If you used many И or Ю in the sentences. And look if it sounds nice. For example, Юрий и Яна. Юрий та Яна. Маты и батьки. Маты та батьки. Мы зашли та сили. Мы зашли и сили. Also sounds not bad Мы зашли и сили. Or Мы зашли та сили. We also have the compound conjunction ТА-Й. In Russian language you can meet also ТА-Й. But the conjunction ТА also can replace ОЛЕ. But in some sentences, like in the Russian language. For example, Солнце светит, а не греет. Солнце светит, а не греет. Even ТА sounds better in this sentence. So you can use any conjunction what you like. But you know we have several Н's in Ukrainian. И and Й in words. Not only about conjunction. We also can change И and Й in some words in Ukrainian. For example, all of these words are correct. Иты, Вты. Имоверность, Имоверность. Идеться, Идеться. It depends where you put these words. In beginning of the sentence it's better to start from the vowel. After the consonants also to use vowel. Or after vowel to use the consonant. For example, Вонайде, Виниде. If to compare with Russian, we don't have this rule in this language. The prepositions ИН, ФРОМ and ВЫД. In Russian we have the preposition В, which means ИН, ИЗ, СЫ and ОТ, which means ФРОМ and СЫ, ВЫД. And let's compare Russian ВУ, ИЗ and СЫ with Ukrainian analog. In Russian if we have more than one consonant in the next word after the preposition we sometimes add the additional О to the prepositions, but not always. For example, Я живу в Киеве. Он живет в Киеве. We don't change anything. Он живет во Франции. We add additional О because ФРАНЦИИ, two consonants. But Он приехал из ФРАНЦИИ. We don't change anything. Это было во вторник. Also we add additional О. But в среду we don't add the additional О. Usually before В and Ф plus second consonant we add the additional О to the preposition В. But not always before В and Ф. Во рту we also add additional О. And изо рта we add additional О. Or изо всех сил. Also we have additional О to the preposition ИЗ. We have the additional О with the preposition СЫ before some combination with consonants too. For example, Я иду со стадиона. Виски со льдом. Со мной. Я работаю с вторника по пятницу. Со среды. But в субботы. Я иду к площади. In this sentence we don't change anything. We also add the additional О to the other prepositions. Like К, КА, А, АБ, АБА. And let's back to the preposition ИН. Они живут в Виннице. Магазин в Киеве. We see a lot of consonants С, В and again В. And a lot of consonants in the second sentence too. In the Ukrainian language we cannot do this. In Ukrainian in this case we use the preposition У. Вони живут в Виннице. Магазин в Киеве. In Ukrainian we can choose what preposition to use. В or У. Я живу в Украине. Він живе в Киеве. Я живу в Киеве. Here there is a similar rule like with И and Ю. And try to make less consonants or vowels together. And listen how it sounds better. In Ukrainian from or with З. And here we can add also additional vowel И. Before or after. Is or З. Between vowels or before vowel we use З. Sometimes possible before consonant and a vowel. Она приехала с Одессы. Вин приехал с Одессы. Я хочу зустритися с друзями. The preposition И we use between consonants or before З, С, Ц, Ч and Ш. For example, Вин приехал из Франции. Or Выготовлено из золота. The preposition З we use before several consonants usually with combinations З, С, Ш plus consonant. Вона іде зі школи. But also with a pronoun МНОЮ. Він іде зі МНОЮ. У and В in words. Some words also can change the letters У and В in Ukrainian. But not all words. Учора – вчора. Усе – все. Учитель – учитель. Уранций – уранций. All of these words are correct. If you start the sentence, better to start from the vowel, after the consonants to use vowel, after vowel a consonant. For example, Я хочу все. Вин хотел все. The Russian language doesn't have this rule. And reflexive verbs. Let's take the reflexive verb in the Russian language. Учиться. And let's conjugate it. Я учусь. Ты учишься. Он, она учатся. Мы учимся. Вы учитесь. Они учатся. The most persons have СЯ in the end. But for first person singular and second person plural, we use СЯ in the end. Because we have the vowel before this СЯ. And it doesn't matter what is the next letter. For example, Я учусь в школе. Or Я учусь хорошо. And let's see the Ukrainian reflexive verb. For example, Навчатиться. Я навчаюся. Or Я навчаюсь. Ты навчаешься. Він, она навчается. Мы навчаемся. Or Мы навчаемся. Вы навчаетесь. Or Вы навчаетесь. Они навчаются. For example, Я навчаюся в университете. Or Я навчаюсь у Львови. Here important what is the next letter. Consonant or vowel. Or for example the verb ДЫВИСЬ. Я ДЫВЛЮСЬ в фильм. Or Я ДЫВЛЮСЬ в витно. Here there is also important the next letter. Or the next word. That's why we can use both variants for the first person singular and plural and a second person plural. And let's conclude. In Russian we can use only conjunction И. Sometimes ДА or ДАИ. In Ukrainian И, Й and ТА or ТАЙ with the verbs. In Russian we have the preposition В or ИН. And sometimes for euphony we can add the additional О. In Ukrainian we have two kinds of ИН. В and У. For other prepositions we can add the letter И before or after. And you can see also the additional О sometimes. In Ukrainian we can change И and Й or У and В in some words. In Russian – NO. And we have different rules for the reflexive verbs. In Russian important previous letter. In Ukrainian also important the next letters for some persons. And this is important for euphony. It's not everything what I told you today. But it's the most common for euphony in Ukrainian and Russian. But if to be honest people use different conjunctions and prepositions in the sentences. Sometimes not according to the rules. So you can use what you like more. Especially if you are beginner and if you are not going to take an example of the Ukrainian language. I hope this information was interesting and useful for you. If you have any questions please write me in comments. And please click the like button. Subscribe to my channel. See you.