Lecture 13: Surface Runoff

This lecture discusses the concepts of surface runoff and the distinctions between influent and effluent streams. An effluent stream is fed by groundwater and gains water, while an influent stream loses water to the ground, contributing to the saturated zone. Surface runoff, influenced by factors like basin dimensions, climate, soil moisture, and land use, occurs when precipitation exceeds the ground's infiltration capacity. Meteorological and physical characteristics, such as rainfall type and soil type, affect runoff, which can lead to pollution from various sources. Human activities and natural features like vegetation and permeable layers significantly impact runoff patterns and groundwater recharge.