Sacred Kingship and Lordship in Middle Ages | Middle Ages Wiki | DOCUMENTARY

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We have already observed the dynamic blending between the legacy of Christian imperial rule, and the charismatic martial lordship which prevailed among Germanic people. This process resulted in the emergence of sacred kingship as a concept and a practice. It caused the aspirations of dynasts to merge with ideas of justice, mercy, and rule by the grace of God. This was a challenging blend which intellectuals strove to inculcate and which powerful men struggled to fulfil. After their conversion to Christianity, barbarian rulers adopted imperial ritual and symbols. Such leaders of confederations of kin groups were magnified into Christian rulers. By the year 800 Charlemagne demonstrated that a king could even claim the title of emperor. And by the year 1000 the concept of beata stirps was developed by writers in the Ottonian court to describe that lineage. Writers of epics and romance in later centuries imagined that those born to rule carried a special mark on their skin. Sacred kingship was born of a pact between dynastic rulers and the church. The church shared the expertise and service of its highly trained personnel with the ruler, and offered its counsel in spiritual matters as well as rituals of sacred power. In turn, rulers were expected to preserve Christian identity, protect the church, and promote justice and peace. Such relationships were often forged through the process of conversion. Stephen, born to the Hungarian Christian Grand-Prince Geza, embraced the possibilities of Christian rule. He defeated remaining pagan rulers in the region, and with the blessing of Pope Sylvester II was crowned king in 1000. He learned how to rule as a Christian from his wife, Gisela, herself a daughter of the Duke of Bavaria and of a Burgundian princess. Gifts, and ecclesiastical endorsement secured such dynastic marriages. The couple promoted Christianity in Hungary through legislation and example, and embraced above all the cult of the Virgin Mary. Stephen’s new status elevated him above other nobles in the Carpathian region. Similarly, King Valdemar of Denmark confirmed his new status as sole Danish ruler in 1170 by a gathering of his nobles confirmed by ecclesiastical anointment and coronation.

00:00 Sacred kingship
08:26 Lordship