【百年 故宮】 (2023), 午門和黃曆的關係 \ 午門皇曆和人民的生活 \ 午門進春牛的活動 \ 芒神的講究 \ 午門的獻俘典禮 \ 午門要告訴人民的事 #北京 #故宮 #紫禁城 #午門

午門和天安門一樣，都具有宣告的儀式。天安門是執行方面的宣告，而午門是生活方面的宣告，在中國的傳統觀念當中，皇帝是人民與天溝通的橋樑，他必須代表天教導人民如何順應天時，以達到最佳的農耕收獲，這其中包括了在午門頒發黃曆、進春牛和芒神。最後午門這裡也是宣揚國威的地方，例如獻俘。
Like Tiananmen, Meridian Gate has a ceremony of announcement. Tiananmen is a declaration of execution, while Meridian Gate is a declaration of life. In traditional Chinese concepts, the emperor is the bridge between the people and heaven. He must teach the people on behalf of heaven how to adapt to the weather to achieve the best farming harvest. This includes the issuance of the almanac, the Spring Ox and the God of Light at the Meridian Gate. Finally, the Meridian Gate is also a place to promote the country's prestige, such as offering prisoners.

百年 故宮 的午門，是中國皇帝所居住的紫禁城正門。在神權和農業時代的觀念當中，皇帝是人民與天溝通的橋樑，他必須代表天，教導正確的農耕時間和過程。皇帝告訴百姓的方式和工具，就是午門頒發黃曆(農民曆) ，告訴人們最好的時間。這個舉動最早可以在書經堯典中有「乃命羲和、敬授民時」記載，在正史上面，最遲在戰國時期，中國就有了曆書(農民曆)的存在，作為人民的生活指導手冊。

從中國明朝開始，在 百年 故宮 的午門前，都是每一年的10月1號，政府就要頒發曆書(農民曆)到民間百姓，告訴人民百姓接下來的生活步調，以及分送到各個屬邦，譬如說韓國或是中南半島等等，當地的政權使用中國的曆法(農民曆)，這個動作叫做奉正朔。

百年 故宮 的午門前的第2個活動，是進春牛和芒神、春山，這也是和農業息息相關的活動，代表皇帝重視民間百姓生活，以及勸農的德行。這個活動是立基於，剛剛所說的皇曆(農民曆)上面，由專門推算時間的欽天監官員，確定好立春的那一天確實的時刻，將春牛迎入 百年 故宮 之中，藉此向全國宣告農耕的開始，這個春牛是土塑的，然後根據黃曆(農民曆)上面的天干地支的顏色來上色。

百年 故宮 的午門前的第3個活動，是獻俘。所謂的獻俘是指戰爭勝利，軍隊把戰敗的俘虜獻給皇帝的禮儀。

The Meridian Gate of the Centennial Forbidden City is the main entrance to the Forbidden City where the Chinese emperor lived. In the concepts of theocratic and agricultural times, the emperor was the bridge between the people and heaven. He must represent heaven and teach the correct farming time and process. The way and tool the emperor used to tell the people was to issue the almanac (peasant calendar) at the Meridian Gate to tell people the best time. This action can be recorded as early as in the Book of Yao, "It ordered Xihe to honor the people." In official history, at the latest during the Warring States Period, China had the existence of almanacs (peasant calendars) as a guide to people's lives. Instruction manual.

Since the Ming Dynasty in China, in front of the Meridian Gate of the Centennial Forbidden City, every year on October 1st, the government has issued almanacs (peasant calendars) to the people to inform them of their next steps in life and to distribute them. When going to various subordinate states, such as South Korea or Indochina, the local political power uses the Chinese calendar (peasant calendar). This action is called Feng Zhengshuo.

The second activity in front of the Meridian Gate of the Centennial Forbidden City is the introduction of spring oxen, the god of light, and spring mountains. This is also an activity closely related to agriculture, representing the emperor's emphasis on the lives of the people and the virtue of encouraging farmers. This activity is based on the imperial calendar (peasant calendar) just mentioned. Officials from the Qin Tianjian who specialize in calculating time determined the exact moment of the beginning of spring and welcomed the spring cow into the century-old Forbidden City, thereby paying tribute to the whole country. To announce the beginning of farming, this spring cow is made of soil and then colored according to the colors of the heavenly stems and earthly branches in the almanac (farmer's calendar).

The third activity in front of the Meridian Gate of the Centennial Forbidden City is to offer prisoners. The so-called prisoner presentation refers to the etiquette of the army dedicating defeated prisoners to the emperor after a victory in the war.

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