“백제 그리고 음악” 저자 이종구 한양대음대명예교수 문화사 강좌 | 4강 | 지금까지 이어진 역사교육의 실태와 민족 정통성

Hello, I am Professor Jong-Koo Lee of Hanyang University's College of Music. Today, I will begin with the story of the emperor Hwang Gung-ho, who was a high-ranking official during the reign of the Great Korean Empire. This is the appearance of Hwang Gung-ho, who established the Great Korean Empire and ascended to the throne as an emperor. The three-story building represents a genius, and there are three entrances like the Gwanghwamun Gate, and there is no need for other expressions other than that it is truly beautiful. And it is the appearance of a small gate that is neither large nor small. And the dragon pattern on the ceiling, which seems to be alive and twirling, is the beauty of the Joseon Dynasty architecture. What about the inside? The various patterns of Korean traditional fashion are placed very closely, and the colorful colors make you admire them more and more. In particular, the dragon made of gold in the upper center shows that it is not inferior to the palace of Paris or Russia. And the three stones in the garden were engraved with the achievements of the Joseon Dynasty, and they were trying to call to the sky with the sound of the drum. In 1914, when the beautiful architecture of the Joseon Dynasty was built, many parts were demolished while building the Joseon Railway Hotel, and the stone wall was to engrave the achievements of the predecessors, but unfortunately, it was left unfinished in the Joseon Dynasty. At this time, the history of our country is also greatly neglected. I would like to tell you about the process of changing this history in the next two episodes. The standard will be limited to the curriculum of a super-middle school. Today's young people, that is, the MZ generation and the elderly in their 70s to 90s, have changed so much that they cannot communicate well with our history, especially in the Joseon Dynasty. This is because the history education was different from generation to generation, and we will look at the process of reformation, the Japanese colonial era, and the seven educational processes that the Korean government undertook as it entered, and the subsequent transformation process. Today, we will look at the history of the Korean Empire and the Japanese colonial era, and next time, we will talk about the stories after the establishment of the Korean government. In 1895, there is a textbook published by the Ministry of Education and Education for the history education of higher education institutions. It is called the History of Joseon. According to this book, the history of Joseon is said to be 3734 BC. At this time, there was a great sword, so it came down under the Danmok Mountain of Taebaek Mountain, and the people of the country accepted it as a king, so they called it Dangun and Joseon. What is unique is that the founding period of Joseon was 3734 BC, which is 1401 years older than the 2333 BC we know today. Another feature is that Kojoseon first arrived in Pyongyang, and then moved to Baekak, and Taebaek Mountain is now Myeohyangsan in Yeongbyeon, and Baekak is now Guwolsan. This is probably the intention of the Korean Empire to put Kojoseon's historical influence on the modern territory, that is, the Korean Peninsula. The information document Bigo, which can be said to be the Baekgwaseon at the time, is a masterpiece composed of 250 volumes and 95 books dedicated to King Gojong from 1903 to 1907. This book is a reference to Dongguk Munwon Bigo, which was a great hit during the Yeongjo period, and focuses on the situation after the Gyehwagi. The Korean Empire established a central government office, the Ministry of Education, which oversees the educational process in 1895. And in 1897, the first official textbook was created in Korea. This textbook is based on our history, people, modern life and knowledge, the history of Western cities, and the people. It is also a book that shows the strong will of self-independence and sovereignty at the time when Western civilization was complicated in the Korean Peninsula. After the National Library of Korea, it was adapted according to the history of Joseon and the history of the Joseon Dynasty, and became an important book at the time of its opening. However, there was also a textbook that denied our nation, which was called the history of occupation. Even though this book was a textbook, it maintained the level of a textbook. However, this book denied our nation, saying that the history of the Japanese army was absurd. Because of this, the king, who wrote the word king, or the emperor, who wrote the word emperor, were greatly belittled. And Hayashi, a Japanese, based on the Joseon Dynasty written by Hayashi, wrote the book Im-na Il-bun-so. The author of this book is Kim Tae-kyung, who was regarded as the best historian at the time, but when the Ulsan Treaty was signed in 1905, for some reason, he was exiled to China. In 1906, a book called Daedong History, which reflects this situation, was published by the Korean National Education. This book completely removed the hypocrisy and the Korean War, and also removed the Im-na Il-bun-so, which the Japanese claimed, which was the biggest feature of this book. Therefore, the seven books of Daedong History can be said to be the starting point of the Korean Dynasty. Because of this national identity, it was designated as a gold book in 1910 according to the Japanese nationalism policy. I guess the cycle of national history is the same then and now. In addition, the books of history praised by the Ministry of Education include the history of Joseon, the history of East Korea, the history of Korea, the history of East Korea, the history of East Korea, the history of East Korea, the history of East Korea, the history of East Korea, etc. These textbooks were not only used in schools, but were also widely advertised to the general public through advertisements. This was an important tool for restoring the patriotism of the people and promoting the national spirit. In 1905, after the Ulsan War, the Ministry of Education no longer praised the history textbooks. Instead, many textbooks were published by individuals, associations, or patriotic organizations. However, due to the textbook verification system, all these kinds of books were confiscated by the Ministry of Education or made into gold books. And following the Ulsan War, the Ministry of Education was established in early 1906. The education policy of the Ministry of Education pursued Korean colonization and suppressed Korean independence. Therefore, while strongly controlling national history, the contents of history education were also closely monitored. In addition, after the school year was revised, all textbooks, including textbooks, had to be approved by the Ministry of Education before they were published, and the textbooks had to go through the verification process again. This is a full review of the Korean Coalition at the time. This is a full review of the Ulsan Treaty. This is a picture of the Japanese army threatening the Korean Peninsula with a sword. The picture on the right is a picture of the Japanese army fighting against the Korean people who were protesting in front of the Gyeongheun-gun Daehanmyeon in the Ulsan area. Let me explain one more picture. This is a picture of Janghakwon, which was in charge of Korean music in the Joseon Dynasty. After the Japanese came in, they changed the name to Lee Hwang-jik Akko, and it left a lasting impression on the Japanese, and the number of people was greatly reduced. When Na Ung-gyo's Arirang appears to try to get rid of Korean culture, the theme song of the movie became the beautiful Arirang that represents Korea all over the world. In the Japanese colonial era, the Korean Peninsula was divided into three parts, North Korea, South Korea, and Iran. It was a very difficult time for Korea. Those of you who have learned this history must have been in school during the Japanese colonial era, so you must have been over 90 years old. This textbook called the northern part of the ancient Korean Peninsula Joseon, and the reporter of Joseon came in and pointed out that he became the king, and he strongly educated young students that he was a citizen of China. On the other hand, in the southern part of Joseon, there was a race called Han. At that time, the younger brother of the great god of Cheonjo, who was the first king of Japan, Sojeon Myeong-jeon came to Joseon with his son, and he laid the foundation that the Japanese colonial rule began from this time. At the time of King Sungshin, Garagok sent his son to the Japanese colonel for the first time, and at the time of King Suin, the prince of Silla, Cheonilchang, returned to Japan because he liked Japan. The first was an organization that led the national council led by the king of Japan, that is, the Joseon Pyeonsoe. The head of the Joseon Pyeonsoe was the first king of Japan, and then the governor-general of Joseon, but the person in charge of the actual responsibility was the secretary-general of the Joseon Governor-general's Office. The secretary-general was the second person in charge of the Korean rule while assisting the governor-general of Joseon. In addition, the secretary-general of the Joseon Pyeonsoe was the second person in charge of the Joseon Pyeonsoe, and he was in charge of the Japanese colonial rule. It seemed as if the Joseon people were in charge of this institution. And the Japanese and their leaders, such as the committee members and the secretary-general, were the people who were in charge of the Joseon Pyeonsoe. The building you see now is the building of the Joseon Governor-general's Office. It was completed in 1926. There was a Joseon Pyeonsoe in this building. Even in the production process of 37 Joseon Pyeonsoe, there was a lot of controversy over the fact that the Joseon Pyeonsoe was deleted or that the Joseon Pyeonsoe excluded the Korean people's ability. However, it did not go against the basic intentions of Japan. There is a lot of amazing content in the Joseon Pyeonsoe they made, but today I will explain one of them as an example. That is, the Joseon people have continued to be invaded by other countries, but they have never invaded other countries. So even now, among many of us, we are proud to say that we are a very good nation that has not invaded others because we are a nation that loves peace. When others invade, it is a very gentle nation that just gets hit. So, if the power of the Joseon Dynasty started with the Baikalos of the lower Mongolian north, or if Goguryeo occupied Joseon, you can think of it as nonsense. Also, if Baekje took over Joseon, Yangjagang, and even the Gwanseo region of Japan, you can think of it as an exchange of power. In addition, the Barae attacked Sandongseong of Dangnara, chased Goryeo away, and took Manchuria, and even the Onyeosanseong of Iseonggae. Also, during the reign of Joseon's Sejong, there are people who say, Hey, no way. But are we stupid and stupid? No, we are not. Not only us, but any country, any nation, when it has power, it hits another country, and when it has no power, it gets hit. How can we always live losing? When the Japanese invaded, we did not win once or twice, but we were attacked from all sides, and we responded to the shouting. At the time of the Japanese rule, we fought for independence persistently, and we did not respond to the shouting. What else did the Japanese do to protect the manipulated people's temple? It was a history that remains in the land of Joseon that interferes with the people's temple. So the Japanese gathered all the history of Joseon and burned it. The people of Joseon must have given the history books that came down from generation to generation. If the country has no power, there is nothing we can do. If a strong man tells you to give it, you have no choice but to give it. The history books of Joseon were collected like this, and the books that are considered to be worth more than 10 billion won in Joseon, and the rest of the 200,000 books were burned for the reason of superstition. Why did they call it superstition? It is because Korean history begins with myths, and this was called superstition. Speaking of myths, there is no country that has a long history and does not start with myths. Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, India, Chinese mythology, etc. all started with myths. However, only Dangoon was said to be superstitious. The superstition was rather that the emperor of Japan, who was the ancestor of the country including Seoul, built a new palace and a new temple for the emperor of Japan. This is a picture of Seoul Station. This is an old building. It is quite a distance from Seoul Station to Namsan. But why does it look so close? It is because the stairs are very wide and high. He built a new temple on top of the stairs. And he forced the Seoul citizens to worship him. Now that we have destroyed the history, we can no longer see the history. And finally, the Joseon Dynasty had the title of Joseon Dynasty and he wrote a large book of 37 volumes and taught it to the Koreans and the Japanese. At the end of the 20th century, the Shikmin Temple was used as a East-North procession in China to organize East Asia in the center of China. So even now, we are digging into our lives without realizing it. What do you think? This lecture is all about the history of Korean culture and Korean music. Please look forward to it. I am Professor Lee Jong-gu from Hanyang University. Thank you.