🇺🇸 18세기 전함, 코스튬까지? 미국인들은 왜 기념일에 진심일까? [보스턴 독립기념일]

July 4th is the 4th of July, which is a big holiday for Americans who celebrate the independence of the United States from the UK. Boston is also called the birthplace of the revolution by Americans. This time, we decided to go to Boston on the 4th of July. I went to the City Hall Square at 9 o'clock, and there were a lot of people wearing fun clothes to prepare for the parade. Some people were wearing clothes that were worn by farmers or merchants in the 1700s, and some people were holding muskets that people used at the time. It was like when you go to the army to fight the British army, the villagers would gather with three guns at home and read a history book that said the number of independence fighters was increasing. This parade went around the city of Boston, and we arrived in front of the building that served as the government of Massachusetts since the 1600s called the Old State House. There is a logo of the old Massachusetts Bay Company. The original American resident is saying, Come and help us. If you look at the logo of the company that pioneered Virginia, the face of the king is drawn. Boston is a place where you can see the history of the Old State House by looking at the logo of the company that pioneered Virginia. If you look at the window, you can see a lion on the left and a unicorn on the right. The lion and the unicorn are symbols of the British royal family. In 1775, just a year before the United States declared independence, a kind of general who was dispatched from the United Kingdom received goods from this house, and when the king's name was given to the residents, the window was the place where he was. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia. At that time, there was no telephone or internet, so he ran on horseback and the Declaration of Independence arrived in Boston on July 15 or 16. And on July 18, he opened the window where he had read the king's name, and he read the Declaration of Independence for the first time with the original residents of Massachusetts. So today, he opened the window and the leader of the Civil War organization that had been there since the 1630s is holding an event to read the Declaration of Independence every July 4th. There was a group that could see Boston's own history here. There were a lot of people like the villagers who belonged to the group called the Ancient and Venerable Artillery Company. This organization was a military organization created in 1638. It is the oldest military organization in the West among the military organizations with license that continue to this day. It's not like they're actually fighting right now, but it's an organization that plays and parades together at important events in Boston. On behalf of the Ancient and Venerable Artillery Company, welcome to Boston. Hope you have a great 4th of July, and let us not forget why we celebrate this great holiday. Thank you. Before I went to Boston this time, I read a book called City-State of Boston written by Mark Peterson. It was a book that explained that Boston was already running like an independent trading hub country, so when the UK told it to be incorporated into the national system, it had to have a sense of resistance that it was already running well, and that it was related to Boston's resistance spirit. After reading this book, if you look at the original text of the Declaration of Independence, there are a lot of things in common. We consider this truth to be a natural truth that does not require evidence. The fact that all people were created equally, and that all people have the right to never be separated from their Creator, and that there is a pursuit of life, freedom, and happiness in that right. And in order to secure this right more safely, a government was created between humans, and that government is a power that arises from the person who controls it. And no matter what form of government it is, when the purpose of the government created is destroyed, it is the right of the people to change or eliminate that government and create a new government. Many British intellectuals, starting with Hobbes, created a lot of philosophical foundations that understood the form of the government using the British contract law. So if you look here, it basically says that the relationship between the central government and the city is a contract relationship. The government is created to guarantee these things, and if those things are not guaranteed, it is a violation of the contract, so it is written in the form of a relationship that is invalid. It seems to be based on the philosophies of people like Hobbes and Locke of this era. That's why at first, they talk about the legal framework for the independence of the Americans, but if you go deeper into it, there are details about why the British government broke its promise to the Americans. The king created a lot of offices and sent those officials to our country to bother our people and eat our food. Boston, which tried to make the army more independent and superior in the power of the people, Boston's original form of the army was to run it with the money of the citizens and to give weapons to the young people when the country was in danger, and the citizens carried their own guns. It is said that he sent the king's army, which had nothing to do with the city's private information, and made them move without any discussion, which is one of the main reasons for dissatisfaction. There is a story that this army had a fake trial to protect the people. In 1770 in Boston, there was an incident called the Boston Massacre. The Townsend Act passed a law that imposed taxes on various things that were necessary for living. The residents of Massachusetts got angry and destroyed restaurants or shops that sold things with taxes. As these conflicts escalated, the citizens of Boston assaulted a British soldier named White. Then, a gunshot was heard from somewhere, and the British thought that the citizens of Boston had fired a gun, so they fired a gun, and many people died in the Boston Massacre. The person who was responsible for it was tried, but he was acquitted. Ironically, the lawyer who played a big role in this acquittal was John Adams, one of the fathers of the Independence War, who became the second president of the United States. We solemnly declare under the authority of the people of the colony and in the name of them. This United Colonies should be a free and independent country by the original rights of man. When this story is read, many people cheer and applaud. After the reading of the Declaration of Independence, the parade moves again and finally disbands. On the right side of the square, there was a beer house called Sam Adams Pub. Sam Adams is one of the Bostonians who played the most central role in the United States' legendary organization, the Sons of Liberty. The parade ended near the beer house named after Sam Adams. On the way to the north for about 35 minutes from the venue, I found a wooden house called Paul Revere's house. When the British army entered Boston, there were people who claimed independence in Boston who fled to Lexington. But when they heard that they were advancing to Lexington, Paul Revere ran all night and arrived in Lexington. He was known as a patriot who played a very important role in the Lexington-Concord War, where the independence fighters in Lexington formed a militia in Concord and fought against Britain. Paul Revere's house is a farmhouse in a small town. Looking at it, it seemed like a scene where you could see how small-scale people had big dreams. After passing through the bridge, there is a Navy Yard on the right, which was actually used for a long time. There should be a huge ship called the USS Constitution. It's already floating. The first U.S. warship has to take off from here and fire 21 18th-century cannons. I thought it was 11 and a half, but I think it left at 10.45. There's no way a 18th-century ship would move by itself. Two ships are docking next to each other. And why would a ship of that size be around these days? I thought I couldn't film it, but I didn't think it would be like this even if I planned it. It passed right by on a boat like this. After getting off the ferry at Boston Downtown and going to the South Station, There's a small museum in the shape of an 18th-century ship. There was a small trade ship. It was the Boston Tea Party Museum. At that time, a guide dressed in clothes during the U.S. Independence War reproduced the speech of the Sons of Liberty. Then, the soldiers gathered together and shouted, No! Yes! There was a place to experience throwing a styrofoam box in the sea in the shape of a car box. When July 4th came, it was fun to see the whole of Boston change into this atmosphere. So how did Boston have such a big influence on the entire U.S. state? It's because of Harvard University. Protestants who didn't fit the traditional religion of England came to the U.S. and made small communities. There weren't any religious universities that could educate pastors. The first university founded by the Puritan principle. Harvard-based pastors were all over the place. Many pastors called Boston the Theopolis Americana. The religious capital of the American continent. In other words, there's the Vatican in Europe. If there's Mecca in the Middle East, there's Boston in the American continent. Because there was such a concept. As seen in the Independence Declaration, If Boston scholars interpret that the Creator gave us this authority, It was also very interesting to see that such a tradition was already formed according to that interpretation. So I thought it was a city that built a real cultural soft power. And another thing is that I've never read the whole of the Independence Declaration from start to finish. I read the whole thing at the Old State House. There must have been a lot of oppression, anger, and inequality. It's not like you have to beat everyone up because they're unfair. It's very cold and private. Because one side broke this agreement, the contract is free. It's like a very legal document. It was also quite surprising that the Declaration of Independence was designed. The social contract theory of people like Locke and Hobbes was reflected in American independence. I'm learning this. Actually, before I read the Declaration of Independence from start to finish, It's a social reform theory. It's amazing how real lawyers and merchants think. So I went to the scene like this. Like the Ancient and Venerable Artillery Company, I've been following the tradition since the 1600s. I met people. I think I know what it's about. I've been listening to important documents from start to finish. Of course, the Harbourfest is where I take my kids. There are a lot of parents who want to teach them what America is like. I do a lot of fun events for my kids. I watch fireworks festivals. I watch the cannon ship. It's a place like this. Some people may think that these things are not discolored by the play culture. In fact, playing the game itself. The history from the textbook. It could be a way to make people move. I think it's a journey that I realized. That's it for today's Cosmic Exploration. I'll see you next time with a more interesting history and culture story. Goodbye.