Kurzvorträge Block 2 - Röm. Kaiserzeit/ Provinzialröm. Archäologie

Hello, I welcome you to the second part of our talk. We are now going to the beautiful Sauerland, to new, hard-to-find facts and finds. Exactly. When the Romans became bold, they not only set up the beautiful camps on the Lippe, here in the green boxes with air, or in the Bergisches Land, the silver-rich lead-glance stories, to perhaps win silver, but we also know, through the studies of Ingo Pfeffer, they have of course also devoted themselves very much to lead. We have a very pure lead-glance in the Hohsauerland near Brilon, which the Romans were obviously interested in, and we have found a lot of small barrels, which have always been brought into this context, which are often in the Roman weight system. And there was already a demand, especially Norbert Hanel discussed it, raised the question, how do we imagine the production? Who is doing the production? Are it the Romans, are it the Germans? When this barrel fragment came out at Bad Sassendorf, I think 20 years ago, it was already discussed, how does it get there? And Ingo Pfeffer had the idea at the time, we probably have a production of lead in the Hohsauerland, in the Middle Mountains, from the Indigene. The material then comes into the Helweg zone, is transformed there for Roman abductors, because, this is of course important to know, the Indigene population has no use for lead at all, but the Romans need lead in huge quantities. A new find of, yes exactly, what is also important, very often this coating is found on these lead barrels, which results in the casting of this barrel, small tranches of lead are put into the form. The discussion has wings, a find by Ralf Menne, he has at Brilon, so we are now in the Hohsauerland, in the Lüdingsbachtal, found this fragment, what you see here. Also this fragment has the characteristic coating, but unfortunately it is very small. But with that it was very clear, yes, the probability that actually in the Hohsauerland the lead was produced, has become more evident. Especially the contextualization is here, we have here a Traviplostater, Buchmatyp, Romance Variante A, or Quina, Tanzes Männlein, these are the last three series, that you are definitely in the area, the last two, three decades before Christ, or the Roman occupation period. Last week around this time, I was at Mr. Hoffmann in Brilon, and Mr. Hoffmann has this beautiful piece, now newly found, what you see there. Here we have mapped it, this is a Roman standard barrel, it weighs over 40 kilos. And the exciting thing is now, we have on this barrel, on the top of the cast, which is the underside of the lead, a damage through the sand, the shape that has fallen into the lead. And if I now, because the barrel has been cast so trivially, I recognize at the lower parts, missing places that have also arisen here, when the sand form collapsed, when pouring in. You only worked here in a few cast charges. And with this lead cast, we have for the first time, the production of lead barrels in the Hohsauerland, probably through the Romans, because we also have an inscription on the top of the barrel, which will soon be deciphered. I thank you. Can I start now? From the city of Paderborn, no finds have been known so far, that with a military facility, from the time of the Augustan occupation, are to be connected. It was all the more surprising in the last year, the report of Roman amphora shards. These are four floor shards, a rim shard, a heel and a handful of wall shards, which are still being cleaned here in the first photo. These amphora shards were transport vessels for wine, which were imported from Greece and from Latium in Italy. Excavation leader Robert Süße from the excavation company Eckenstein Exca is clearing the pit here, in which, in addition to the amphora shards, this pig skeleton and a layer of charcoal were also found. Parallels to this finding and finding situation, i.e. amphora shards, a layer of charcoal, almost a complete pig skeleton, in a nearly sterilely filled pit. We know this from the Roman camp in Upper Aden, in connection with the abandonment of the Roman camp after the retreat of the troops. Until the middle of the 19th century, the about 400 x 400 m high hill west of the Paderborn old town, on which the red X-marked excavation site was located, was the site of the first Paderborn excavation site, largely unconstructed. Surrounded by paders and ridges, the hill would be an ideal location for an Augustan military facility, especially since Paderborn is located on the way from the Upper Lippe, we know from Reppen, over to the Weser, over the Wartburg border. So we have to wait for the next excavation site, which will lead us to the interpretation. Previous excavations in this area have unfortunately only found early medieval finds, at least as far as early history is concerned. We are missing local finds and B-finds from the occupation period and B-finds from the 19th century. So we are waiting for the big lucky find in the near future. Ladies and gentlemen, the time must be used. It's over quickly. I'm already putting a piece of the find on the showcase. Let's see. I welcome you once again. I would like to present a grave site on the occasion of the opening of the planned Seeplik residential area in Schieder, instead of Schieder-Schwalenberg in East-Westphalia, which is for many a little further away. It has a several-month archaeological excavation by the company Eckenstein XK GmbH accompanied by the excavation team on an area of about 2,100 m2. In addition to individual iron-time pits and posts, the main focus was the early medieval Rhine excavation field in the south and south-east of the research area, which could be fully examined by the team. The excavation is still in full swing, so this is just a first impression. Fifty West-East, fifteen North-South excavated graves, five children's graves, also West-East, as well as at least six horse burials were documented, including two chamber graves in the south-east. Due to the acidic soil conditions, the skeletons of the buried were only identifiable as bone fragments. The abundant found material, many of which are still in the restoration, allows for a first assessment, a classification of the grave field in the time around 600, from the beginning of the 7th century In addition to the numerous pearls, there are several hundred pearls from 20 graves, bronze arm tires, lance tips, spades, knife buckles, a bronze cross-beam could be found on the grave field. It comes from the grave 940. It's a West-East women's burial. The cross-beam I want to show is made of colourful metal, has a diameter of 3 cm. On the back, here you can see it, I don't know if you can see it in the picture, the iron needle is unfortunately no longer preserved. Only at the eye socket the cast needle rest and the cast eyelet are completely present. The back side is flat, the front side of the cross-beam is profiled and carved. The swinging cross-arms are emphasized by an increased ridge, and at the end of the arms three buds or flower-shaped roundels form. In the centre of the cross-beam there is a slight depression caused by the ridge and a conical middle bulge. I wanted to show you the cross-beam because it is currently the youngest found piece of the grave field and based on comparative finds from Wünnenberg-Fürstenberg and Wolfenkreis-Harburg can be dated to the beginning of the early 9th century. There are also three gold-coloured double-pearls and one blue-opaque tube or staff-pearl, which also belong to the women's grave. With that I have already exceeded a bit in time. Thank you for your attention and thank you very much to the colleagues of Engenstein-XK for the plans and drawings, to the restaurateur for the wonderful restoration work which is in full swing and also to Mr. Stephan Brennführer for the great photo recordings. Thank you.