零經驗投資，新手如何投資，投資錢不可不知的秘訣

想要投资但不知道怎样开始 Want to invest but don't know how to start 不知道如何选择投资产品，投资在哪里 Not sure how to choose investment products and where to invest Hi大家好我是Hailey Hi everyone, I am Hailey 如果你是第一次来到我的频道 If you come across my channel for the first time 我的频道是关于投资理财，理财规划 My channel is about investment and financial planning 在我们人生之中不同阶段所需要知道的理财知识 Financial knowledge that we need to know at different stages of our lives 当中包括了如何累积财富，保障财富，税收规划 Including how to accumulate wealth, protect wealth, tax planning 遗产规划，做账的小知识等等 Estate planning, some knowledge of accounting, etc. 想要了解相关的内容，记得订阅我的频道 If interested to know on related content, remember to subscribe my channel 还有点击旁边的小铃铛，这样就不错过我接下来的影片了 And click the little bell next to it, so that you won’t miss out my future video 今天这部影片，我会和大家分享新手投资所要知道的事项 In today’s video, I will share with you what investment tips investors need to know 投资前要考虑的事情，投资不可犯的错 Things to consider before investing, mistakes that cannot be made when investing 股票和基金的分别，如何选择适合自己的投资产品 The difference between stocks and unit trust, 股票和基金的分别，如何选择适合自己的投资产品 how to choose investment products that suit you 而最后也会和大家讲解如何选择基金 And also will explain to you on how to choose unit trust 固定派息的基金就是好基金吗？ Is those that declare fixed dividend a good fund? 首先要确保自己已经拥有紧急后备金 First of all, make sure that you have an emergency fund 以应对生活中可能发生的紧急意外 To deal with emergency accidents that may happen in life 从而避免把钱都投入到投资产品后 To avoid after putting money into investment products 无法套现或者因为急需用钱而被迫在市场不好时卖出 Unable to cash out or have to forced sell even if the market is bad due to urgency 第二，就是设立好投资目标 The second is to set investment goals 希望以后几时累计到多少财富 How much wealth do we want to accumulate in the future 我们必须了解投资的目的，想一想自己为了什么而投资 We must understand the purpose of investment and think why we need to invest 是想要开拓新的被动收入来源 Is it looking for a new source of passive income 还是为了筹钱用于房子的头期 Or to save money for paying down payment when buy house 或是支付孩子出国升学等费用 Or to send children to go overseas further study 必须根据目标而选择投资的方向 Have to choose the direction of investment according to our goal 有了投资目标，再设定达成目标的期限 Once you have an investment goal, set a deadline for reaching the goal 我们可以算出每年需要多少回酬率 We can calculate how much rate of return required for every year 才能达到所设定的财务目标 In order to achieve the financial goals 之前这部影片有教大家如何根据不同的情况 This video have shared on how to calculate 计算可以累积多少财富，还没看的朋友 Estimated return in future based on different situation, if you haven’t view it 看完这部影片可以点击去看看 After watching this video, you can click to have a look 第三就是衡量自己可承担的风险程度 Third is to measure the degree of risk you can bear 再选择什么投资工具适合自己 Then choose which investment tool suits you 投资不可以只针对自己的年龄而选择投资在哪里 Investment products cannot be chosen just based on what age you are 我们需要根据自己的收入、财务状况、现金流 We need to be based on our income, financial situation, cash flow 对投资的知识、所能承担的风险来衡量 Our knowledge on investment products and the risk that can be taken 如果是负卡债的年轻人 If a young man with a credit card debt 那么现在要做的就是存钱还卡债而不是投资 What he need to do is to save money to pay off the debt instead of investing 如果本身可承担的风险比较高 If the risk that you can accept is relatively high 那么可以选择高风险的投资如投入股票市场或投资股票型基金 Then you can choose high-risk investments such as stock market or equity funds 对于一些只想赚取比定期存款稍微高一点的回酬 For someone who just want to earn slightly higher returns than fixed deposits 就可以选择债卷型基金 Then can choose bond fund 接下来的影片会和大家讲解不同的基金类型 Will explain the different fund types later in the video 新手投资千万不要为了投资而投资 Don't simply invest because of just want to invest 我们一定要了解投资的产品，如何操作 We must understand the investment products and how it operate 才决定可不可以投资 To decide whether to invest 对于没有很强的投资知识的朋友可以选择从信托基金开始 For those who do not have strong investment knowledge, 对于没有很强的投资知识的朋友可以选择从信托基金开始 can choose to start with unit trust 信托基金其实就是由一间公司收集投资者的钱 Unit trust is actually a company that collects investors’ money 然后由专业的基金经理进行投资 And let a professional fund manager to manage 基金经理会根据不同的资产组合进行分散投资，去买股票 Fund managers will diversify their investments according 基金经理会根据不同的资产组合进行分散投资，去买股票 to different portfolios by buying shares 通过信托基金 Through unit trust 我们有能力雇用专业的基金经理来管理我们的钱 We are able to hire professional fund managers to manage our money 基金经理由信托机构监管，保障投资者的钱 Fund managers are monitored by trustee to protect investors’ money 投资者可以拿出不同等额的钱投资在信托基金内 Investors can invest different amounts of money in unit trust 形成一定规模的信托资产 To form a fund 交由专门的投资机构按资产组合原理进行分散投资 And diversify investment based on the principle of asset portfolio 获得的收益由投资者按投资比例分享，并承担相应风险 The income earned is shared by investors in proportion to their investment 基金经理Fund Manager负责所有的投资决定 Fund Manager is responsible for all investment decisions 投资在哪一个领域，投资在哪一个股票 Which industry to invest in and which shares to invest in 什么时候买进，什么时候卖出 When to buy and when to sell 他们都有专业的文凭，比一般投资者要有资历 They all have professional license and are more qualified than usual investors 掌握消息也多，并且还会有一班团队协助研究的工作 They will have updated news, and assist by a team to do research work 根据不同的市场研究哪个股票适合进场哪个适合套利 According to different market condition to decide which stocks are suitable to enter 而信托公司在保护投资者的利益扮演着重要的角色 Trustee play an important role in protecting the interests of investors 所有投资者的钱都会委托在第三方的托管机构监管 All investors’ money will be entrusted to a third-party custodian for supervision 所以基金经理只能根据投资决定调配资金 Therefore, fund managers can only allocate funds based on investment decisions 没有权利拿走投资者的钱 There is no right to take away investors’ money. 基金投资就是通过基金所持有的部分净值的增长来实现收益 Unit trust investment profit comes from growth of net asset value of the fund 基金是一种受益凭证，投资者购买基金后就成为基金的受益人 Investors become beneficiaries of the fund after purchasing the fund 相对于股票，股票投资是投资者购买上市公司的股票 Compared with stocks, stock investment is the purchase of listed companies shares 通过股价的上涨和公司的分红取得收益 Gain come from increase in stock price and company dividends 通常情况下，股票价格的波动较大 Under normal circumstances, the stock price fluctuates greatly 是一种高风险、高收益的投资品种 It is a high-risk, high-yield investment product 而基金由于进行组合投资 While unit trust is portfolio investment 是一种风险相对适中，收益相对稳健的投资品种 It is an investment product with relatively moderate risks and relatively stable returns 如果你只有RM1,000 可以投资 If you only have RM1,000 to invest 可是看好科技领域的某某公司 Wanted to invest in one of the technology field company 1,000可能并不足够投资在那间公司的股票 1,000 may not be enough to invest in that company’s stock 通过基金，你可以把RM1,000 投资在科技领域的基金 Through unit trust, you can invest RM1,000 in technology sector unit trust 这基金可以投资在很多间科技公司 This fund can invest in many technology companies 如果有一百万人，每人拿出RM1,000 就有十亿了 If there are one million people, each of them invest 1,000 then there will be one billion 基金经理可以利用这十亿投资在100间公司 Fund managers can use this billion to invest in 100 companies 所以在这100间公司当中 So among these 100 companies 如果有1间公司一个不好运亏盘倒闭了 If one of the company goes bankrupt 那也只是影响到你的一小部分而已 That only affects a small portion of your profit 不会对投资的盈利有很大的影响 Will not have a big impact on the profitability of the investment 相比股票，如果刚好买了一个股票亏盘倒闭 Compared with stocks, if you bought a stock that went into bankrupt 那可能全部投资的钱都会亏掉，血本无归 Then all the money invested may be lost. 看到这里如果觉得内容有帮助，记得按赞并留言分享哦 If you find the content helpful, remember to like it, comment and share. 那了解了基金的运作，现在来看到底投资股票还是基金好呢？ After understanding the basic of unit trust, 那了解了基金的运作，现在来看到底投资股票还是基金好呢？ is it better to invest in stocks or unit trust? 其实并没有哪一个好，只是哪一种投资适合自己 In fact, which one is better is depends on which kind of investment suits you 基金投资的好处是回酬或利息一般高于银行的定期存款利息 The advantage of unit trust is that the return or interest 基金投资的好处是回酬或利息一般高于银行的定期存款利息 is generally higher than fixed deposit 但风险却比投资股票低 But the risk is lower than investing in stocks 投资基金可能沒有很高的报酬 Unit trust may not have high returns 但通常最坏情况至少能保有原资产 But usually the worst case is at least retain the capital 由于基金公司的资金多，购买的股票多 Fund company will buy many stocks in view of high net asset value 基金公司管理人员也比较专业，掌握消息也多 Fund managers all have professional license and access to updated news 所以购买基金的风险相对于股票小一些，收益也比股票小些 Therefore, the risk of buying unit trust is smaller than stocks, 所以购买基金的风险相对于股票小一些，收益也比股票小些 and return is relatively lower 对于一些不了解金融市场的朋友，或者是某些领域的专业人士 For those who do not understand on share market, or their expert are in other fields 因为忙于工作没时间更进金融市场的新闻 Due to occupied with busy work, might not have time to explore share market 选择基金投资是一个不错的选择 Then unit trust is a good choice 觉得自己不在行的也可以选择轻轻松松交由专业的基金经理人操作 If you are not expert in shares, you can choose handover money 觉得自己不在行的也可以选择轻轻松松交由专业的基金经理人操作 to fund manager to manage 避免在不同市场大起大落的风险 Reduce the risk of high fluctuation in different markets 而假如本身有一点投资的心得 If you wanted to invest in stocks 想要投资股票，那就要确保自己做足功课 You have to make sure you do your homework 阅读该公司的报表，了解公司的营运生意 Read the financial report and understand the company’s business operations 公司的前景，日后可增值的可能性 The company's prospects, the future prospects 还有时常更新市场的最新消息 And update the latest market news from time to time 无论如何，就算选择自己投资股票 Even if you choose to invest in stocks yourself 还是会建议把自己的资产投资分配下 Still recommended to diversify investment portfolio 比如30%自己投资股票，50%投资股票型基金 For example, 30% invests in stocks, 50% invests in equity funds 20%投资债卷等等 20% invest in bonds, etc. 再来分配投资在哪个国家，哪个领域 Then need to choose which country and industry to invest 如果自己精通马来西亚的股票 If you are expert in Malaysian stocks 那么可以选择投资在外国的基金 Then you can choose to invest in foreign funds 比如中国，美国，欧洲的国家 Such as China, United States, European countries 如果某个时候看好某个领域的市场 If you are optimistic about the market in a certain industry 也可以选择该领域的基金组合，比如科技领域或医疗领域的 You can also choose to invest in that industry unit trust, 也可以选择该领域的基金组合，比如科技领域或医疗领域的 such as technology or medical field 简单来说，基金通常分类为Money Market Fund Basically, unit trust are usually classified into Money Market Fund Bond Fund 和Equity Fund Bond Fund and Equity Fund 货币基金Money Market Fund是投资在风险较低的短期债务 Money Market Fund is invested in low-risk short-term bond 短期货币工具如国库券、商业票据、政府短期债券 Such as Treasury bills, commercial paper, and government short-term bonds 企业债券等短期证券 Short-term securities such as corporate bonds 是一个低风险、安全、高流动性和高稳定性的基金 It is a fund with low risk, safety, high liquidity and high stability 不过低风险就意味着低回酬 But low risk means low return 货币基金的好处是利率可能比银行定期存款高一点 The advantage of MMF is that the return may be slightly higher than fixed deposits. 利息每日结算，而且可以任意转换去其他基金 Interest is calculated daily basis and can be switched to other funds anytime 如果某个基金套利了但市场波动不适合购买其他基金 If switch out from a fund but due to market fluctuations, 如果某个基金套利了但市场波动不适合购买其他基金 not good timing to buy in another funds 可以选择转入货币基金，等到适合进场的时候再转入其他基金 You can choose to switch to MMF, and buy into new funds when it is suitable to enter 货币基金的坏处就是流动性比较弱 The disadvantage is that their liquidity is relatively weak 银行存款可以马上拿到钱，货币基金则需要两天的工作日 Bank deposits are more liquid, while MMF need two working days 相比股票或股票型基金，货币基金反而比较灵活性 But if compared with stocks or equity funds, MMF is more liquid 所以在不同的情况可以建议把适当的应急备用金放在货币基金里 Therefore, in different situations, 所以在不同的情况可以建议把适当的应急备用金放在货币基金里 recommended to put a portion of emergency fund in MMF 债券基金是专门投资于债券的基金 Bond funds are funds that invest exclusively in bonds 通过集中众多投资者的钱，对债券进行组合投资 By pooling the money of many investors 这是较为稳定的收益 This is a relatively stable income 债券基金通常80%以上的资金用于投资各类债券的基金 Bond funds usually invest more than 80% of the funds in various types of bond funds 包括国债、金融债券、企业债券等 Including treasury bonds, financial bonds, corporate bonds, etc. 相较股票基金，债券基金收益相对稳定、风险较低 Compared with equity funds, bond funds have relatively stable returns and lower risks 是低风险投资者的首选 Is good option for low-risk investors 而混合基金指的是同时投资于股票、债券和货币市场等工具 Balance fund is diversified investment, invest in stocks, bonds and MMF 风险低过股票基金，预期收益则高于债券基金 The risk is lower than equity funds, and the expected return is higher than bond funds 混合基金为投资者提供了一种在不同资产之间进行分散投资的工具 Balanced funds provide investors with a tool 混合基金为投资者提供了一种在不同资产之间进行分散投资的工具 to diversify investments among different assets 适合较为保守的投资者 Suitable for more conservative investors 股票型基金波动性比较大，收益有时可能在20%以上 Equity funds have relatively high volatility, 股票型基金波动性比较大，收益有时可能在20%以上 and their returns may sometimes exceed 20% 而股票型基金可选择投资于大型公司（Big Cap） Equity funds invest in big cap companies 中小型公司（Small and Medium Cap）、投资在海外的基金 Small and Medium Cap, foreign funds 而外国的基金又可分为区域型的或者是单一国家的 And foreign funds can be regional or single country 比如一些投资于东南亚国家的就会包括投资在中国 For example, Asia Pacific funds will include investment in China 马来西亚，新加坡等等 Malaysia, Singapore, etc. 又或者可以选择只是投资在中国的基金 Or you can choose to just invest in China funds 所以就算选择了投资基金 Hence even if choose a investment products 也要选择投资在哪一类型的基金组别 Also need to choose which type of fund to invest in 选择了哪个国家，哪个领域，就要选择哪个基金 After that need to choose which country and which industries to invest 我们可以通过Fund Fact Sheet了解基金的资料 We can understand the fund by going through Fund Fact Sheet 看看过往的收益记录，平均回酬去到哪里 Look at the past earnings records, how much is average return 是自己理想的回酬吗？ Is it match with your expected return? 此外，还可以了解基金经理的资历背景 In addition, experience of the fund manager is important 因为选择投资在哪里，几时进场都是在于基金经理的决定 Because it is the fund manager decision to choose where to invest and when to enter 所以一个优秀的基金经理直接决定了基金的收益 A good fund manager directly determines the fund’s return 而接下来就要看如何计算成本 And the next thing is to look at how to calculate our cost 通常基金都有投资销售费用Sales charge Usually unit trust have sales charges 当钱投资进基金时就会扣除一些销售费用 When money invested, sales charge will be deducted 普遍上是5%左右的销售费用 Normally is around 5% sales charge 而有些时候投资顾问只收取低于3%的销售费用 But some investment advisors only charge 3% or lesser 所以，投资的金额扣除销售费用后 The investment amount deduct sales charge 除于资产净值 Net Asset Value NAV then divided by net asset value NAV 等于投资者得到的单位，NAV就是基金的价钱 Equivalent to the units acquired by investors, NAV is the price of the fund 除了sales charge，也要看是否有redemption charge In addition to sales charge, there might also have redemption charge 因为这些都会提高我们的成本 These charges will increase our costs 基金的回报来源主要是资本增长或股息 The main source of returns from unit trust is capital growth or dividends 定期的派息可以增加投资者的回报 Regular dividends can increase investor returns 可是我们必须分辨有关派息究竟是从投资于公司股票而获得的股息 However, we must distinguish whether 可是我们必须分辨有关派息究竟是从投资于公司股票而获得的股息 the dividend is obtained from investing company’s stock 还是一些单位信托所派发的股息 Or the dividends declare by unit trusts NAV代表股值，也就是投资组合中的全部证券及现金的总值 Net assets are the total value of all securities and cash in the portfolio 除以基金已发行的股份数量 Net assets divide by the number of units issued by the fund 假设某只基金发5000万个单位 For example, a fund issues 50 million units 而其净资产为5000万元，那么每单位的NAV为1元 And its net asset is 50 million, then the NAV per unit is 1 假设投资者持有10,000个单位，每单位的购买价为1元 If the investor holds 10,000 units, the purchase price per unit is 1 若该基金派发的股息为每单位0.3分 If the fund distributes a dividend of 0.3 cents per unit 那么投资者将获得30元的股息（10,000 个单位 x 0.003元） Then the investor will receive a dividend of 30 (10,000 units x 0.003) 可是派发股息后，NAV调整为0.997 But after the dividend is paid, the NAV is adjusted to 0.997 也就是说派息前和派息后的价值是一样的 In other words, the value before and after the dividend is the same 基金是以股息的方式把投资者的资金归还给他们 Unit trust returns investors' money to them in the form of dividends 这种情况出现时，基金的资产净值便会随之下跌 When this happens, the net asset value of the fund will drop accordingly 所以，建议投资基金时选择自动把股息按市价进行再投资 Therefore, it is recommended to opt for reinvest dividends for unit trust investment 确保能持续投资，以便投资者能持有较多的基金单位 To ensure continuous investment so that investors can hold more fund units 如果没有选择股息再投资，这样投资者往往会不经意地把钱花掉 If you do not choose to reinvest, 如果没有选择股息再投资，这样投资者往往会不经意地把钱花掉 investors will often spend their money inadvertently 最后，给新手投资的你一个小建议 Finally, a small suggestion for you who are new investors 就是当我们开始投资 Is when we start investing 我们就要选择持续投资下去，才会看到回酬 We have to choose to invest consistently in order to see more returns 不要赚了一点钱就拿出来 Don't withdraw out after earning some money 因为拿出来了就会无意间花费掉，我们要让投资的钱持续投资下去 Because if you withdraw out, it will be spent unintentionally 我们要让投资的钱持续投资下去 We need to make sure our money continue invested 无论金额多少，尽快开始投资，累计我们的财富 Regardless how big is the amount, 无论金额多少，尽快开始投资，累计我们的财富 start invest as soon as possible to accumulate wealth 利用复利的威力让我们的财富增长 Use the power of compounding interest to grow our wealth 好了，今天的分享就到这里 Okay, that's all for today's sharing 如果觉得内容有帮助，记得按赞并分享给朋友们 If you find the content helpful, remember to like it and share with your friends 我的频道还有其他关于理财规划的视频 My channel has other videos about financial and investment planning 还没订阅的朋友赶紧点击订阅吧 If you haven’t subscribed yet, please click subscribe. 我们下次再见 See you next time Bye Bye Bye Bye