怎樣低風險投資？什麼投資低風險？什麼是股票，債卷，基金？不會投資怎麼辦？理財投資 Low risk investment, stock market, bond, unit trust?

Hello, 大家好，我是 Hailey， Hello, everyone, I am Hailey 是一名理财规划师 a licensed financial planner 如果你是第一次来到我的频道， If you come across my channel for the first time, 我的频道是关于投资理财，理财规划 My channel is about financial planning and investment planning, 还有在我们人生之中，不同阶段所需知道的理财知识。 Financial planning that we need to know at different stages in our life. 如果你有兴趣了解更多相关的内容，记得订阅我的频道， If you are interested in related content, please subscribe to my channel, 还有点击旁边的小铃铛， And remember to click the bell next to it, 这样就不会错过我接下来的影片了。 So that you won’t miss out my future videos. 今天我们就来讲一下什么投资，低风险。 Today we will talk about what is low risk investment 股票，债卷，基金，到底该选择哪种？ Which one should I choose？stock, bonds and unit trust funds? 首先，我们先来说一下股票， First, let’s talk about stock 相信很多人都知道股票是什么 I believe everyone know what is stock market 股票代表的就是一个公司的股份 A stock represents holding the shares of a company 拥有了一个公司的股票， Owning a company’s stock 其实就相当于你拥有了一个公司的股份 equivalent to owning company's shares 比如你和某人合开了一间公司，一共投资100块钱 For example, you and a friend owned a company and invested $ 100 你投入70块，他投入30块 You invested $ 70, he invested in $ 30 那么你就拥有这个公司70%的股份 You own 70% of this company 如果把公司的股份划分为100份 If the company’s shares are divided into 100 shares 那么每份的价格就等于1块钱 Then the price of each share is exactly equal to $1 如果哪天你们公司上市了 If one day your company goes listed 投资者觉得你们的公司有潜力 Investors feel that your company has potential 把你们的股价抬高到了2块钱 And start invested in your company that make stock price become $2 那么你们的股票就增值了 Then your share price will appreciate 所以股票代表了股份，也意味着拥有权 So stock represents shares and also means ownership 因为你手上拥有70%的股份 Because you own 70% of the shares 所以公司每赚1块钱，你就可以获得70仙的收入 So for every dollar the company makes, you can get 70 cents in income 而每当公司亏1块钱，你都要付出70仙的代价 And every time the company loses $1, you have to pay 70 cents 因此，股票投资收益可以很大 Therefore, stock investment returns can be great 因为你拥有这公司可能是个赚钱的机器，因而股价暴涨； Because the company you own can be a profitable machine 但是风险也可以很大 But the risks are also great 因为你拥有的这个公司也可能因为经营不善，而股价暴跌 As the company you own may also have poor performance due to poor management 对于大多数普通投资者来说，投资是有一定难度的 Investment is not easy for most ordinary investors 一不小心选错股票可能一个跌停就会有很大的亏损。 If you accidentally choose a wrong stock, you may have a big loss 而债券，代表是一种债权， While bond represents a kind of debt, 你买了债券，就相当于借钱给了别人 When you buy a bond, it is equivalent to lending money to others 这个人可以是国家也可以是企业 This person can be a country or a company 借了别人钱，不管怎样都是得还的 If you borrow money from others, you have to pay it back anyway 所以相对股票而言，债券的风险更小 So compared to stocks, bonds are less risky 因为不用承担经营的风险 Because you don’t have to take the risk of business operation 当然存在违约的风险 Of course there is a risk of default 就是说欠你钱的人破产了，钱要不回来了 It means that the person who owes you may bankrupt, and cant pay you back money 所以借钱的时候，要看借钱给的对象是谁 So when you borrow money, it depends on who you are lending it to 这也是投资债券时要先考虑的 This is also the first concern when investing in bonds 债券风险小，相对的，收益肯定也小 The bond risk is lesser, and the return is definitely lesser 你借钱给的人，不管他用你的钱经营得多好 The person you lend money to, no matter how well he manages the money 赚了多少，都跟你没关系，投资者只能拿回指定的利息。 you cant get anything, investors can only get back the interest. 而基金，是一种间接投资 While unit trust fund is an indirect investment 把钱交给专业人士，让他帮你去投资 By giving the money to a professional and ask him to help you invest on behalf 基金就是一种委托关系 Unit trust is a trust relationship 你委托基金管理公司，帮你管理资金和进行投资 You entrust fund management company help you invest 基金公司会根据不同的投资指标 Fund companies will use different investment indicators 可承受的风险程度而定该投入什么产品 The level of risk tolerable to decide what product should be invested 然后给你选择 Then you have a choice to choose which unit trust fund to invest 基金投资的时候，会进行分散投资 When invest in unit trust, will diversify investment 投入多个股票或债券等，因此风险相对而言就比股票小 by investing in multiple stocks or bonds, so the risk is relatively smaller than stocks 一般而言，基金收益小于股票，大于债券 Generally, unit trust returns are less than stocks and greater than bonds 相对的，风险小于股票，大于债券 In contrast, the risk is less than stocks and greater than bonds 每个基金都由一个基金托管公司进行托管 Each fund is managed by a fund custodian company 你可以这么理解 You can imagine that 你委托了A（基金管理公司）帮你进行投资 You assign A (fund management company) to help you invest 但又害怕A会贪污、私吞财产等 But afraid that A will embezzle the money or etc. 而A找来了B（基金托管公司） And A appoint B (fund custodian company) 由B负责保管你投资的钱，并且帮你监督A B is responsible for keeping your invested money and supervising A for you 而怎么进行投资则是A做决定，B不能干预 How to invest is decided by A, and B cannot intervene 这样就更加保障了你投资的钱， Hence, the money you invest in is more secure 也就是为什么当你投资基金时，会有少许的托管费用 That’s why when you invest in unit trust, there will be minor charges on custody fees 我们都一直听说投资一定要分散投资 We always heard that we should diversified our investment 所谓的分散投资并不是盲目的买入大量的基金 The so-called diversified investment is not blindly buying a large number of funds 这不仅带来管理上的麻烦 This is hard to manage 集中于同样类型的基金不能有效的分散风险 by concentrating on the same type of funds cannot effectively diversify risks 投资者应当选择相对集中的投资方式 Investors should choose a relatively concentrated investment method 根据资金量选择3-5只基金即可 Choose 3-5 funds according to the amount of funds 以下是购买基金该避免的错误观念 The following are the common misconceptions when buying funds 选择基金不能贪便宜 Don’t choose unit trust based on the pricing 有很多投资者在购买基金时会去选择价格较低的基金 Many investors choose lower-priced funds when buying funds 这是一种错误的选择 This is a wrong decision 例如：A基金和B基金同时成立并运作 For example: Fund A and Fund B were established and operated at the same time 一年以后，A基金净值达到了2块钱 One year later, the net asset value of Fund A reached $2 而B基金净值却只有1.20钱 The net asset value of Fund B is only $1.20 按此收益率，再过一年 According to this rate of return, one year later A基金净值达到4块钱 The net asset value of Fund A reaches $4 可是B基金净值可能只有1.40钱 But the net asset value of Fund B may be only $1.40 如果在第一年时贪便宜买了B基金 If you bought Fund B in the first year 收益就会比购买A基金少很多 The income will be much lesser Fund A 所以，购买基金时，一定要看基金的收益率 Therefore, when buying a fund, you must look at the rate of return of the fund 而不是看价格的高低。 Rather than look at the price. 接下来，分红次数多的并不一定是最好的基金 Next, the fund that pays more dividends is not necessarily the best fund 有的基金为了迎合投资者人的心理，每年固定分红 In order to cater to theinvestor needs, some funds pay fixed dividends annually 这种做法就是把投资者左边的钱掏出来放到了右边去 This is just take out the money on the left pocket to the right pocket 没有任何实际意义 Didnt serve any meaning 而巴菲特管理的基金一般是不分红的 Warren Buffett’s funds generally don’t pay dividends 他认为自己的投资能力要在其他投资者之上 He believes that his investment ability should be higher than other investors 钱放到他的手里增值的速度更快 Money in his hands increases in value faster 所以，投资者在选择基金时一定要看净值增长率 Therefore, investors must look at the growth rate of fund when making selection 而不是分红多少。 Not the amount of dividends. 所有投资都有风险 Investments come with risk 我们可以采取一些步骤来减少投资损失的机会。 We can take some steps to reduce the chance of investment loss. 个人的风险偏好将决定我们是属于哪种类型的投资者 Personal risk appetite will determine which type of investor are we 而风险状况将确定投资组合中的资产分配 And the risk profile will determine the asset allocation portfolio 您只需要确保您在投资组合中的资产分配符合您的风险承受能力即可 You only need to make sure that asset allocation portfolio meet your risk tolerance. 投资者必须了解，风险越低，潜在的收益率就越低。 Investors must understand that the lower the risk, the lower the potential return. 资产分配是把資產用合理的比例分散到股票，基金，債券等 Asset allocation is splitting into stocks, funds, bonds, etc. in a reasonable proportion 這樣可以用更低的風險，賺更高的報酬 To generate higher return with lower risk 最近很流行的机器人投资顾问（智能投资） Nowadays, very popular on robo advisory 是使用算法来自动化的帮投资者拟定投资组合 It uses algorithms to automatically help investors design investment portfolio 资产配置的确是可以减低市场波动的代价 Asset allocation can indeed reduce the risk of market volatility 可是并不是每个人每个时候都适合这种资产配置 But not everyone is suitable for this asset allocation 在不同的市场有时需要采取集中性的投资会更有效 Sometimes it is more effective to take concentrated investment in different markets 知名基金經理人彼得林區 Peter Lynch也曾經提到 Peter Lynch, a well-known fund manager, also mentioned 如果你選擇長期投資，債券是可以直接放棄掉的 If you choose long-term investment, bonds are an option that you can simply give up 比方說對年輕人來說以上的說法就成立的 The above statement is true for young people 相对的，比较年长的累積了一定的資產以後 On the other hand, older people after accumulate certain assets 資產配置就非常重要 Asset allocation is very important to reduce risk 或者会选择集中于比较低风险的债卷。 Or they can choose to focus on relatively low-risk bonds. 因此，在选择投资时，投资的年龄，投资的时间 Therefore, when choosing investment, the age of investor, time of investment 自己可承担的风险，以及不同市场的投资策略 Your own risk tolerance and investment strategies in different markets 都非常重要的。如果投资者没有经验或没有信心 Are very important. If the investor has no experience or confidence 可以委托基金管理公司帮我们投资 Can entrust a fund management company to help us invest 或者可以咨询专业人士再来做决定 Or you can consult professionals before making a decision 无论如何，不要因为不会选择投资产品而不投资 However, don’t know what to invest is not a good reason of not to invest 我们都必须尽早开始投资，这样才能尽早增加我们的财富。 We must start invest early so that we can increase our wealth as early as possible. 好了，今天的分享就到此为止 Okay, that's all for today's sharing 如果大家觉得内容有帮助的话，记得按like， If you find the content helpful, please like this video, 还有欢迎在下方留言 You are also welcome to leave a message below 如果你有什么特别想知道的理财内容， If you have any financial planning that you would like to know 或者关于投资理财，理财规划的问题也可以填写下面的表格，让我知道哦 You can fill in the form below and let me know 我会联系你哦。 I will contact you. 想要看到接下来的影片， If you want to watch my future video, 记得关注我的频道， Remember to follow my channel, 我们下次再见哦 See you next time Bye Bye Bye Bye