Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic era whose ballets, symphonies and concertos are among the most performed in classical music. Born in Votkinsk, he trained in law and worked as a government clerk before making the decisive choice to enter the new St. Petersburg Conservatory in 1862. From 1866 he taught at the Moscow Conservatory, and support from his patron Nadezhda von Meck later allowed him to compose full time. His ballets Swan Lake (1877), The Sleeping Beauty (1890) and The Nutcracker (1892) became pillars of the ballet repertoire, the last a cherished Christmas tradition. He also wrote the Piano Concerto No. 1, the Violin Concerto, the 1812 Overture, the opera Eugene Onegin and six symphonies, as well as Orthodox sacred music such as the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom. In 1891 he conducted at the opening of New York's Carnegie Hall.
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Giants of the Romantic Era
Romanticism prized feeling, imagination and national spirit. Beethoven's music bridged the Classical and Romantic eras. Victor Hugo led French Romantic literature, from the drama Hernani (1830) to Les Misérables (1862). Chopin, who settled in Paris in 1831, gave the piano a new poetic voice. Wagner, who revered Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, reshaped opera as music drama, and Tchaikovsky brought Russian Romanticism to the world with Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.
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