What did Mao do after the Civil War? (1950-1955)

Mr Mitchell history I know what you're going for because you're just doing it with your students but I think that that is actually a really important Channel and you should give it a name that is memorable for what it is you know like preventing world war three China before world war three or something you know yeah yeah preventing world war three look there's other things that you can aim for it but that's that's a cool Channel man that's a cool channel it's a really good idea okay so before we address the title of this video I'm just gonna let you know what this series is about throughout 2021 we did two series on China the first was just a straight history of China set at a pretty basic level and then the second was the history of the Sony us relationship to give you context for World War III unfortunately those videos were in the era of the 20 mic and a PC that had the processing power of a Kodak so the production quality was especially home brand according to dumb China needed to modernize its agriculture its industry its military but the tech is better my knowledge in the area is better and with the release of Kenobi there's even more material for Star Wars cutaways but this new series is far more than just a remastering this is the complete chronological series to bring you up to speed on all things China including their relationship with America this is the story of how China left Decades of internal War to plunge into further unimaginable chaos but to then Rise From the Ashes so the day is October the 1st 1949 and Mao heads out to a pack crowd in Tiananmen Square to announce the beginning of the People's Republic of China according to Mao the Civil War is Over and Chiang Kai-shek is lost Chang would say otherwise but he'd been so badly defeated that from Taiwan he was in no position to threaten Mao but Mal couldn't take any risks if you don't know much about Chinese history essentially they'd been in on and off again War for the first half of the 20th century first it was the 1911 Revolution to end the Qing Dynasty then it was the era of the Warlords when the Revolutionary government became fractured then it was fighting off the Japanese from 1931 to 1945 and then it was the Chinese civil war between Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek from 1945 to 1949. if Mao wasn't careful his PRC would be just another chapter in the turbulent period of Chinese history so what did Mao do to ensure that Chang's kmt would be no risk to his regime well surprisingly his first move was to reward kmt defectors for example fujaoi had surrendered his Garrison to the Communists when they Advanced from Beijing and as a result Mao gave him the ministry of Hydraulics you're fired no oh you're gonna overrule me on that too however for most wood sided with the kmt a much more Sinister fate was to fall upon them all Mouse campaigned to suppress counter-revolutionaries was a government-led drive to weed out any people who are still sympathetic towards the kmt have a look at this poster here promoting the campaign this Shady Fedora wearing guy who reminds you of the best year of YouTube [Music] was the classic stereotype for a conspiring counter-revolutionary plotting treason against Mao's PRC okay my MLG video editing is a little rusty like the video if you want MLG to make a comeback and let me know below what your favorite MLG video was mine was MLG it's academic but another really popular depiction was the overweight cigar smoking capitalist now Mouse Minister for public security said this about the campaign we must not miss this opportunity probably this is our only operation for suppressing counter-revolutionaries the purpose is not just to kill several counter-revolutionaries more importantly this campaign is for Mass mobilization and make no mistake Mao was completely on board with this though Mao made it clear he didn't want the wrong people being killed he put quotas on executions in accordance with population size he argued that Hardline counter-revolutionaries counter for less than one percent of the population in all regions and that roughly 0.1 percent of the population would have to be executed in order to get rid of the worst counter-revolutionary elements however in reality many provinces did not have enough Bandits to meet this quota and so many were recklessly arrested and not even tried before being determined as guilty of trumped up charges that included collaborating with imperialism bribing government officials participating in armed Rebellion participating Inspire Espionage and looting and sabotage based on the seriousness of the crime people received either life imprisonment of the death penalty in terms of exercising control this was incredibly successful and meow could actually go on to consolidate power as at least 2.6 million people were arrested 1.3 million were imprisoned and then 712 000 were executed now before we moralize about how terrible this was which it was it is important to remember the context China had been an internal War for nearly four decades and had only had brief stints of a functioning government despite clearly acknowledging what was happening is dangerously terrible many Chinese were broadly okay with what was happening because it prevented Anarchy unfortunately for them the success of this would pave the way for me to begin his cultural revolution a decade later but in terms of bringing about out the revolution more had to happen than just the elimination of the Old Guard obviously Mao needed to put forward new policies however the leadership of the party actually opted for slow and Progressive implementation of Communism rather than radical and immediate unlike the industrialized Soviets the Chinese Revolution began from an agricultural context and there was little expertise in running factories only five percent of China's 600 million people had worked in Industry not only that but many key Business Leaders had fled to Hong Kong and Taiwan when the Communist Victory started to look inevitable and with Factory output 44 below that of 1937 when Japan went beyond Manchuria to invade all of China males number two Lucia Chi felt as though the time wasn't right to eliminate the ruling class so private Enterprise was still allowed and in cities like Xi'an most businesses stayed in private hands it is also worth noting that by the end of the Civil War hyperinflation had reached dangerously high levels and so the Communists removed many yuan notes from circulation and in terms of social problems see polygamy sex trafficking and infanticide were now all declared illegal and I'll Bridge the domestic and foreign policy sections by talking about the two major annexations that the PRC completed upon the end of the Civil War firstly Mao's pla entered xinjiang in 1949 and completed the annexation in 1950. xinjiang was an interesting part of China because part of it was controlled by the soviet-backed East Turkestan Republic and then the rest by Chang's kmt the main group of people that were from here were not actually Han Chinese but actually turkic Muslims also known as uyghurs and so in 1955 the PRC gave Ying Zhang the title of being a semi-autonomous province what this meant was that the uyghurs had their own local government but this government answered to the Communist party and yielded its resources over to the PRC secondly Mouse China annexed Tibet which had been independent since the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. the two fought from 1950 to 1951 but Tibet didn't have the strength to resist and signed a 17-point peace deal China's military Focus to be in consolidating its borders rather than fighting in Foreign Wars with one major exception okay so when it comes to Mouse foreign policy he had to immediately adapt to the emerging Cold War during the Civil War America gave Chiang Kai-shek tentative backing but when Chang repeatedly ignored instructions America started to pull back their support however as tensions between America and the Soviets grew over their interests in Europe by 1950 America was ready to resume support for Chang Chiang kai-shek's Taiwan was seen as the legitimate representative of China to the UN and America said it would wait for the dust to settle before considering recognizing the PRC not only that but the CIA got involved too the CIA in 1947 and it really isn't the root up some of the uh corrupt out of control Elites in America you see the CIA backed Air Raids on the mainland from Taiwan and Burma from the end of the Civil War to 1967 the CIA supported black bats flew more than 800 missions over the PRC including bombings of Shanghai and Nanjing this obviously pushed Mao's China further towards Stalin who had already supported them with armaments in the Civil War and so in 1950 Stalin and mouse signed the Treaty of friendship Alliance and mutual assistance essentially this was the deal China would receive 300 million US dollars in loans Soviet experts would oversee the factories that China lacked expertise in and Stalin promised Military Support in the event of a war in exchange Western xinjiang and Eastern Manchuria would be Soviets fears of influence and China had to sell surplus metal to the Soviets and so finally these Cold War tensions broke China into the Korean War if you know nothing about this war essentially Japan had governed Korea from 1910 until the end of World War II and long story short the Soviets and Americans had different ideas as to who should take over the leadership the Americans wanted sigmundry while the Soviets wanted Kim il-sung a temporary division along the 38th degree of Northern latitude was set up with Kim in the north and sing when ray in the South Ray called for elections to be held for the leadership but Kim protested with much fewer people in the north and it is generally accepted that these elections were manipulated so in 1950 Kim invaded the South and then Truman brought in U.S troops to defend the South and with U.N approval Cross northwards of the 38th parallel at this point Mao decided intervention was essential to avoid an american-backed regime sharing a border with them and so China immediately sent 300 000 troops to repel the American advance and then a further 1.2 million would fight in this war now opted for a war of attrition in some of the worst conditions with soldiers literally freezing to death once the U.S backed forces had been repelled back to the 38th parallel the leader of the army punctu Hawaii wanted a settlement after all this would prevent an american-backed regime from sharing a border with them however marijuana total Victory and 400 thousand would die in the course of the war to give you a taste of whom our was three months after his son Mao Wan Ying died in the war his advisers went to break the news to him petrified of his reaction Mao's response to them was this and a revolutionary war you always pay a price anying was one of thousands you shouldn't take it as something special just because he was one of my sons ultimately the war would result in a stalemate and Kim il-sung's North Korea would be an important buffer State between China and american-backed South Korea however with China directly fighting against the US America stepped up as Cold War support for Chang Taiwan was known to be a vital part of America's containment strategy in East Asia and America would veto any attempt to have Beijing rather than Taipei recognizes the true China before the United Nations Mao was now firmly on the side of Stalin but in 1953 his close Ally died and the new Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev would be much less friendly to Mao thanks for watching stay tuned for next week as we look at how Mao was forced to react to crew service desalinization in Russia and at best see now make a plan that seriously backfires or at worst see me I'll make a seriously Sinister plan don't forget to let me know what your favorite MLG video is as well we can't wait to see you next time for our next venture into a fascinating part of History