Reduction of carbonyl compound || Aldehyde ketones & carboxylic acid to alcohol 12th chemistry

Hello children, how are you all? Today I am going to teach you One of the most famous reactions in organic chemistry that is the reduction of a carbonyl compound I will tell you all about everything, first you Come here today, let me discuss a few things with you Save, the carbonyl group to you reduction I'll do it, and I'll also tell you what happens First, let's see, what are reducing agents? So, what do they do? Listen carefully. Hey, I've written the names of two reducing agents here, One nickel, the other palladium Do you know what children's work is? Like if you've left sugar on the ground So how does the ant come? That's all they do. They serve to attract hydrogen. So if you take nickel, it will also call for H2. And if palladium is present, it will also generate H2. See, dihydrogen and the other reducing agent You can use lithium aluminum hydride Adult H. for end and its usage with it This is aluminum chloride, whose formula is AlCl₃. You know what their job is? Their job is reaction. I'll give you the reaction on hydrogen locking Let me explain here, look at the carbonyl group It means that the carbonyl group means The kid is the double bond group, that's fine now do this And the second H will be your minus; now what will remain, look, the child, see, The H with minus sign—no, it will hit the carbonyl carbon. As soon as it hits, the valency of this carbon will become 5. Like, look, 1, 2, 3, 4, and it will make the bond here, So it will become 5, it will look something like this, okay, now It polarizes the electrons on its side right away. Bond But it's fine with two electrons; oxygen takes its electron. So, it's taking the electron from the carbon atom on the side. Polarization So, what happens to oxygen now? It becomes minus. minus child attracts the other H plus It takes it and turns it into OH here. I mean, whichever group in your case contains a carbonyl group As you know, aldehydes contain a carbonyl group. Your ketonic group contains a carbonyl group. Alright, so it will convert this into alcohol. Convert it into the OH form and that is called what alcohol So now you all understand one thing the carbonyl compounds that exist I won't go into everything, though. But I will tell you something specific. However many carbonyl compounds you have in your functional group aldehyde, ketone, and carboxylic acid, and so on In all of this, yours Carbonyl compounds are If the child, apply these reducing agents on them So, the child, the one who's looking at your carbonyl group, right? This will be converted into alcohol. I don't understand. Come here, I'll explain it to you properly. Look here, first do one thing First, memorize these reducing agents. Yes, sir, I've memorized it. Now it's time to apply the reducing agents. First, we will apply reducing agents. On your aldehydes and ketones I'm taking one aldehyde group here. As I've taken it here acetaldehyde Alright, look, these are two carbons. What is the name given to two carbons in ethane? And on one carbon, your aldehyde group is attached. So what will happen to ethanal? This is the aldehyde group. Does this contain a carbonyl group? This is your carbonyl group. And you can reduce this Which two reducing agents did I tell you about? Either learn it yourself, or just use H2 with nickel. Either you use lithium, aluminum, What needs to be used along with hydride? What is the function of hydronium ions in children? Supply hydrogen in the reaction As soon as you give H2, your child will be an H. It will break in the second plus, minus in the second H Come on, tell me what will happen—will an H join here? And just as the child, if this H comes here and connects, So our product will start to look something like this—look, CH3, CH, look, an H has come and bonded here. As the child comes to an H here, it will be attached here. So, let's write its name. What should its name be? One Two carbons and two carbons make ethane, and the first alcohol is your alcohol. If it's like that, they used to call alcohol "all," so what will happen to it? Sir, you're saying your ethanol—show me how to do it too, just like a reaction with a child. That's hydrogen coming in, and here too, if you're You also applied the catalyst, so the ethanol produced will be the same. What will be formed? Ethanol will be formed. So, what did I find out here, what did I proceed with? The aldehyde group you have, which contains a carbonyl group So, ethanol was made from ethanol. You can produce propanol from propanol. You just need to remember two reducing agents. If you forget in the exam, just use this Use this if you forget. If you forget, just use this Their work is the same in reaction. Give hydrogen, what to give Giving dihydrogen, okay sir, I understand now Tell me about aldehydes and ketones. Come on, today I'll also tell you about ketones, come here today The child said, "I took this example of ketones here." Alright, I've taken this example here with ketones, yes. How many people know what this is called? It's three carbons. So, propane, and the ketonic group, so propanone Actually, its common name is acetone, right? So use H2O along with it. Either use it, kid, lithium, aluminum With the hydride, hydrogen came in, You can use them, okay, like you're using both of these You will, then these lovely little children will be in hydrogen. Okay, I've placed an H here for you. Now what? This oxygen will raise the level at the bound. Oxygen will become minus minus; which oxygen with minus minus will attract whom? The child will do H plus. Okay, let's write its name. 1, 2, 3, yes, 3 carbons are called prop, child. There is a single bond everywhere; propane, and look, you have your alcohol at position 2. So you'll have to write 2-dol, like propan-2-ol. If there is alcohol at 2, then the suffix of alcohol is, It's just ol, you'll say, sir, show me something even better than this. The child will also give off hydrogen in this reaction, and the same reaction will occur. That's why, because the child will come here, Valentine's If it is five, this bond will become polarized in this direction. The other two batteries don't have such capacity, correct? Hey, so what did you do with the ethanol here? Any insect group will remain, any insect group The group will remain like the aldehyde in this pentanone. It will happen, but everyone here understands it, okay? So let's look at the conclusion that we have This one here Call too Will remain But you will use that one ketone and you will supply a reducing agent to the carbonyl group, Alright, so what you'll get is a secondary alcohol. Alright, because the ketone starts from your second carbon. Yes, all the children found out, okay, let's go, so primary and the difference between primary and secondary, you see, right? Okay, now we'll go over a few things briefly. That kind of compound has been given to you Alright What is this to you? 1, 2, 3, 4 A child lovingly says "beautiful" to four carbons There isn't a single bond everywhere, kid What do you have on the second carbon? in What do you have on the other carbon? This is a double bond. So, beauty to beauty, you're on my level, and one on you. So, what is but-2-en-1-al? Now listen carefully, you have applied reducing agents here. So, you should also receive the product accordingly. Should we meet or shouldn't we meet? When what I had taught you You should get the product with you, right? Okay, let's go. Let's see which products we get here. I'll just take a quick nap here, come on, I'm looking closely, as if you had done something reducing Something so cute, a product will come along. Write here that H has been substituted, this H is here Then, upon substitution, this bond will become polarized here. It will become minus, minus will attract whom? Yes, here it is — your alcohol is ready, okay, and same. If you use lithium aluminium hydride, then this It is present here, along with a double bond in the presence of an aldehyde. But when you use nickel, Here, even double bonds are reduced. Let me tell you, this is your break. It will become Alright, once that bond breaks, then this It will decrease, it will decrease, so here A hydrogen atom will form only a single bond. This means the nickel in the reaction providing hydrogen is reducing the carbonyl group Alcohol makes it, kid, this double bond also breaks it, just as this one will break So it will require hydrogen, and it will need Hydrogen will be needed, and H2 will come back again. Here it will be substituted, okay, so It will also break the double bond, and The carbon of the carbonyl group, that carbon It will produce alcohol by reducing. But lithium aluminum hydride The child does not act selectively; he wouldn't do something like that. He is very cute, right? How is he like? Everything will remain exactly the same as it is It was inside the reaction like yours What will this bus do? Hydrogen provide It will happen, this hydrogen will go here, this bond will shift here, meaning, look, This one is hydrogen, okay, the bond has shifted here. What will the oxygen with two minus charges do? It will take the H plus. I mean, the product you'll create here will be 1, 2, 3, 4, But we say "bute" for 4 carbons, bute, what about at position 2, en, and 1? All that is a single bond is butane and one pair. What do you have, Alcohol? What will you write for Alcohol? And then butane will be formed, okay, and here Pay double bond will be retired today, so this is what I have You were supposed to give a brief conclusion that if you guys I also have a carbonyl in your carboxylic acid. If there is a group, this should also be reduced. Redus, come out from there. Watch carefully, come on, look, what is it? It's your assumption, suppose this is the sought carboxylic acid. It's something like this: the formula for carbolic acid You used lithium aluminum hydride and its It's hydronium ions, and what is the child's role in this? Hydrogen release from the hydride of the Pd/C catalyst in the reaction is as much as So, look, it seems like I'm telling you First, a hydrogen will go here. As the child goes there, hydrogen will go here Alright, so hydrogen has arrived here. Alright, now listen carefully. As hydrogen comes here, this bond It's getting polarized; you'll feel it soon. It will subscribe And what will H2O make? So, your removal here What will happen to H2O now? Here is H2O has come out here, that's correct, because having two alcoholic groups on one carbon is also possible. No, it's fine. A high unstable reaction occurs. Okay, H2O has come out now, it's gone, brother. So, one, two, three, the balances have already been settled if this is the case If another hydrogen is given, its balance It will become stable, yes, another hydrogen will come here and attach to it. It will be substituted here with carbon, the fourth one, and its The child's name is coming out, or is it ethanol? Then it's yours. What are the two carbons in acetic acid called? Ethane and ethyl alcohol are involved, so ethanoic acid was converted into your ethanol. I've converted it, okay. Once again, I'm reacting. Let me tell you, kids, it's full of hydrogen here. It will go here, this hydrogen will go this way, this bond will go this way It will shift, this will become minus minus H. will attract it, then OH will now be attached to any one of the carbons Two OHs are not possible; it becomes unstable now this OH It will come out with the second H in H2O, okay And last, if carbon's valency is fully satisfied It's not happening, isn't it? After all, it's just a child, isn't it? Lithium aluminum hydride packed tightly Hydrogen will give a reaction, that's fine. Take as much as you need, like stability For hydrogen, there is one there. The formula is something like this: an ester. Ester, if you've used it, what about lithium? Hydronium ions together with aluminum hydride What will the kid do, brother, if you use it? Hydrogen taught it, didn't he? Just keep on teaching hydrogen. Take as much as you want, now what will happen? Listen carefully You must listen carefully. Look here—this is oxygen, this is oxygen negatively. When charging, the first reaction will be the bond. The child will break apart if this bond snaps. Then we'll get something like this first This will be added to the plus, and in which one is this for you? It will break in minus will break First, take the child to the H with the minus sign It will go here and produce the first byproduct. That is CS3. It's done, it's done He has already gone there. Now it will go here and It will go back here, okay? Okay, the carbonyl group is fine, it's becoming positive, okay Now pay attention, he went there first, to H It will complete the stability first, okay? Like, it shouldn't be a plus there, an H went there instead Okay, now the next one, which has become an aldehyde So in aldehydes, if you have It will become negative, and the child will receive the negative oxygen next It will attract H, and here what will be formed is OH. I mean, if I were to recite the entire reaction here, then Your Cs3COH will go here, and this way is correct. We call this ethanol. What do you call this in ethanol? Alright, let me tell you once again right away. Look at the child carefully, the one who wasn't understood Look very carefully, okay? Alright then. Lithium aluminum hydride, reaction I will provide multiple hydrogen supplies. What will happen now, the bond will break, this minus, If you take the H with a minus sign, it will go to CSP OH will make it, then see what happens next, carbon b All C's are double bonds, meaning If you have an aldehyde, you have Let it be a ketone, let it be a carboxylic acid Leave the ester with you They all have a carbonyl group; if you have that If you reduce it, your alcohol is produced. I have taught you a very important concept. How would you make alcohol? aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, and ester I don't know its name, tell me all the names, please I'll also mention it in IUPAC and that one Alright, first of all, these two are carbon. So, we say two carbons Ethane and the ester group If it's an attachment from outside, what would you write? methyl ethanoids What will you write for methyl ethanoid? I'm telling you the common name; learn it. Say it as methyl and never at any time If it needs to be attached to carbon via a functional group, then this one When we say acetate, we also mean methyl acetate. You can speak, child, please How did you like the video? Don't forget to share it. And truly, it will be liked by whoever Leave the aldehyde tones, kid, if you're okay with it If you want to make alcohol, use my formula. Alright, thank you. See you in the next video.