Genghis Khan: How a C-tier General became an S-Tier Conqueror | History Teacher Reacts | Jack Rackam

Hey there, Mr. Terry, your high school history teacher. Welcome back to another history teacher acts video. All right. This video came from you guys because you voted on it and it won in my most recent viewers poll, by the way, make sure you're subbed to my channel and then you will get my polls come right to your feed or come over to the community page. And this one's right up my alley. It's called Genghis Khan. How a C tier general became an S tier conqueror. All right. If you know about me, the Mongols are one of my favorite topics to learn and to teach about. And I'm wondering with the title of this video, is it like an idea of Genghis kind of overachieving or is he underachieving? I don't know, but I'm super excited to check it out. All right. This is from Jack Rackham and the original video is going to be linked down below. Please support that. And let's get started. All right. I can see from the first frame, we've got a military tier list. Oh, shoot. Who are you going to put up here? Not going to put a Genghis Khan in here. Alexander, the great Julius Caesar. What do we got? Let's talk top tier military geniuses. Julius Caesar, the guy outsmarted his enemies while outnumbered deep in hostile territory. Alexander, the great fair dudes. Entire strategy was invade anything that's east. And then he never lost Genghis Khan. His track record ain't quite so flawless. Did he unite the Mongols eventually after getting sent back to square one a couple of times, did he conquer a kingdom or two, but they were going down. Anyway, the Mongol empire that stretched from China to Eastern Europe, a lot of that was his kids and grandkids, but there's the catch Caesar conquered Gaul six years later, he's bleeding out on the Senate floor, Alexander. The great Yolo his way across the second he died. So did his empire Genghis Khan when he died, the Mongols were just getting started the last descendant of Genghis Khan to, well, it was the height definitely with him as, as a continuous empire, but big thing that happened. It's a lot more similar to Alexander, the gray than what happened is it got split up by other people. Um, difference being with Alexander, the great was split up between his generals and for Genghis Khan, it was his many, many children and grandchildren. The Mongols were just getting started. The last descendant of Genghis Khan to rule part of the Mongol empire, get this died in 1930. Genghis Khan, the Mongol empire, get started the last descendant of Genghis Khan to rule part of the Mongol empire. Get this died in 1930. Well, there's the famous thing about how one in 200 people in the world are descendants of his. And if you are from somewhere in the old Mongol empire, it's more like one out of eight, there's some there that DNA is floating around a lot of leaders out in the world, Genghis Khan secret spice. Wasn't tactics. It was loyalty, loyalty. Society looked a little different. First of all, there was no loyalty to Kings or States or kingdoms because those things did not exist. Individuals were loyal to tribes and tribes were loyal to individuals, namely their leaders, but that's it. That's as far as it goes. Once that leader dies, Temujin, everything, the light touches will be yours. When you pull yourself up by your bootstraps, but father, no, you get nothing. He died. You lose. Good day, son. Little baby Genghis Khan, whose technical name was Temujin, was eight years old when his father died. Instead of being trained to lead armies, he was with. So what was really common is the Mongol tribes were always at war with each other and they would kidnap people all the time because mom kidnapped, I forget how many times, but yeah, his father was ended up being killed. It actually leads into one of the interesting facets of Genghis Khan, which was respect for mothers. Since he was basically raised by his mother, he had a profound respect for her. And that is something that the, uh, the Mongols tried to perpetuate in their culture was that respect, especially for mothers, mother trying to catch enough marmots, not to starve to death. But the one thing Temujin was really good at was making friends. We're talking completely out of nowhere too. Every time he got in and killed family members, though, some random stranger decides to lend a hand. Temujin gets captured by a hostile tribe. Boom. Here's a new friend to help him. Temujin finally gets his hands on some horses, but they get stolen. Flammo. A new friend helps get them back. And then he, the whole kidnapping thing was actually just a really common thing of the way they did politics back then it was not uncommon. Lopes with Temujin in a blood brother kind of way, all of these buddies of his go on to become legendary generals later, but right now his most important friends are Toghrul and Jamukha Toghrul was the leader of another tribe and some dude Temujin gave a coat to one time, but that coat best investment Temujin ever made because when Temujin got married, Oh, look, my family. Mom, I thought we were your family, my second family. Those guys are the family. Your father kidnapped me from good times. Yep. You just kidnap people all the time. Won't let them rescue you, but they weren't there for Temujin's mother. They were there for revenge. By the way, he said something earlier. That was interesting. I'm going to see him. Want to see him back it up that really downplayed the tactics. And I mean, in a lot of ways, the loyalty and how you get loyalty is a way of tactics because he was well-known. Okay. For getting people on his side and some of it's through force, of course, but, and then there's just alliances, but he had also really rewarded people and grant a lot of like leadership positions based off of skills. And if you're able to do that, uh, you were able to get in his, you know, inner circle and rise through the ranks, even from a conquered enemies, something he was well-known for, but with the tactical thing going on, uh, Genghis Khan, like he was talking about with Julius Caesar was routinely outnumbered. And the Mongols in general routinely outnumbered by many of the civilizations that they were conquering. And there was a great deal of tactical, tactical work that was required to win that. And there's so much you can talk about with that, with their, uh, their styles and the way they would siege and the way they would gauge in battlefield. And we'll see what he's got about there. But you want to give you guys my thoughts as I'm hearing his early arguments, they took my wife. This is a really funny and well animated by the way for this weekend. Don't forget. I gave you that coat. No, you're right. It is. They were bargaining pieces. All right. I'll grab Jamuka. Toghrul and Jamuka helped Temujin get his wife back and everyone lived happily ever after Jamuka. In particular, got real close with Temujin. They started sleeping together under the same blanket and a blood brother kind of way. The good vibes did not last long. However, people start flocking to Temujin as their new leader. And Jamuka does not handle jealousy. Well, the two blanket bros go to war. This is Temujin's greatest test and he flubs it hard. It's a decisive defeat. Temujin runs away and nobody hears from him again for nearly 10 years. No, he was a talented leader. Yes. He was quite young. Defeatable. He is not. Where does Temujin go during that time? Yeah, no one knows exactly. He could have gone on a tour of Japan, explored Osaka's food scene, sat among Kyoto's serene temples, met the bowing deer of Nara, all things you can come do with me next May. I'm taking a group to Japan for a week of adventure and it comes highly recommended. I have such a good time in Japan. I decided to move there. We were all sold out, but we've recently had one spot open up. So now is the time to grab it. Or if someone else already has, sign up for the waitlist because you never know when a spot might open up in the future, link in the description. More likely though, Temujin went to Northern China. It was pretty normal for outcasts to show up in one of the neighboring empires, and if that's the case, Temujin probably got a glimpse of how weak those empires really were. They weren't exactly overflowing with loyalty to their leaders. Okay. There's that, but it's not like there was this massive disconnection between the Mongols and really just the ancestors in general of the nomads with places like China. There was routinely relationships and sometimes they were hot. Sometimes they were cold between the sedentary agriculturalists of China and the nomadic peoples of the step. And for the good times, it was actually really mutually beneficial. The stuff that you would get from a productive society, like a China, whether it's food, technology, silk, all those kinds of things could be traded to say the Mongols who are the best, um, at raising animals. Um, you could get cows, you could get, uh, you could get horses, um, mutually beneficial. But one thing that is true though, about the people of the step is they can also be very much victims of ecological problems if there is droughts. And since they raise animals, there's not a lot of grass to feed and things like that becomes difficult. Then you will see the famous raids that come from the Mongol steps. And that could be problematic. But yeah, I mean, he would have seen, especially I guess on the, the, the frontiers of China, that some vulnerability there, you gotta understand this is the song dynasty here and they're going to rule, especially further south. And there are big, massive, uh, um, states. They are the largest basically in, in the world at this time, when it comes to population size or just massive. And, uh, that's going to be a different story that Genghis himself is not going to be as successful with because it does not conquer all of China. It's going to go to Kublai, but nevertheless, um, did a lot of that Brown work, which was formidable. Um, in his time, meanwhile, back in Mongolia, people were definitely not very loyal to Jamukha. As soon as Temujin was defeated, Jamukha boiled the POWs alive, just went straight from blanket brothers to Saturday morning, cartoon villain. These did. So they did weird stuff are ready for a change when suddenly and without warning Temujin bursts back onto the scene and now he's rich or like a. Commander. He's got alliances now. Or he's got alliances now. No, it can't be. You are supposed to be dead. They fight, but a bunch of Jamukha's followers have switched sides and Temujin sends him blasting off into the sunset, but like any good cartoon. So this is where you get Genghis, the politician in that way. It's not just about being this brutal conquer, but yeah, there's, there's like, I don't want to call it statesmanship, but something similar to that. He had a way of getting people on his side. And again, there was loyalty. And the biggest thing with that was loyalty is that he took care of people that were in fact loyal, but he also didn't just, uh, just adhere to people that kissed his butt. You did have to earn it to get his respect. Jamukha would be back. He landed among a group of people called the Tatars and launched a second attack, but Temujin and Toghrul teamed up to send him blasting off again. Jamukha lands in Toghrul's territory and Toghrul has some interesting ideas about how to handle him. Man, you're not even worth killing. Oh, thank you. Thank you. How can I ever repay you? I've always wanted an evil advisor. My liege, look how Temujin promotes commoners to lead his armies. His power is a threat to our very way of life. And I heard that coat he gave you was regifted. Wow. You are. Well, did you hear though, how he talked about with commoners? Well, you got to understand a lot of these people live in feudal societies. They got these landlords that really restrict their social and economic mobility. So when someone like Genghis Khan comes around or the Mongols in general come around that could upset that power balance, you might see these guys as liberators. And if you hopefully are on the side where you can convince them not to attack them because the Mongols love to be able to sort of offer deals, usually in the a way of tribute before they attacked you, then that can be really beneficial to you. So yeah, they didn't have to be loyal to the, their leaders anymore because they never wanted to probably in the first place or didn't want to in the first place or the Mongols killed those leaders and now they have a new person that they can be loyal to. Rated this. All right. Temujin prepare for trouble. Meow. That's right. Togrul is convinced that Temujin is two days as well. I don't think I've reacted to this form of Jax. For a friendship, Temujin catches Togrul in an ambush and Togrul runs off, never to be seen again, not Jamukha though. He goes blasting off again and lands among some more tribes in the West. The odds of defeating Temujin in battle are at least 50 50 and Temujin's got to be tired from all of this fighting. So Jamukha convinces those tribes to go to war with Temujin. Yeah, but this is going to be something common for all of Mongol history. In fact, which is the infighting. I mean, the empire is so vast and again, it's still tribal in nature because that's their way of life, that nomadic way of life. Um, you know, Genghis was very good at doing it, at getting those alliances and kind of ruling with that, and then of course eliminating his, uh, his opponents eventually, and we'll see if he actually gets to that part or see if he gets to that part of the story. Temujin's power of friendship is too powerful and Jamukha goes blasting off again for what feels like the hundredth time, except there's hardly anywhere for him to blast off to. And it's for the same reason that instead of wearing Temujin out, all of these battles have only made him stronger. When Temujin defeated an army, instead of boiling the men alive, like some people, he had integrated them into his own army. And now Temujin has united all of Mongolia, just chasing around this one dude with, yeah, if they were, you know, um, showed some kind of fealty, of course. Otherwise we see there's enemy combatants and there's legendary brutality out of that, but yeah, um, they would, they would do that. And, but then, you know, it's, it's one thing to have those people kind of like put down their swords and say, they're going to be loyalty, loyal to him just to save their own lives is another one to actually like do it and then stay with that and actually become like true supporters of his. And many did, and, uh, you're going to have to hypothesize a little bit more about that, but again, definitely comes from the idea that he took care of those people and rewarded them great rewards, especially when you're going to win so many battles and raid so many places, a lot of spoils of war that can come with that, you know, it's not unlike say the Julius Caesar, um, who again had soldiers that were more loyal to him than any, to any idea of Rome, because he took good care of them, they, um, had looted and destroyed so much in Gaul that of course he becomes one of the richest people that's ever lived probably with, uh, um, with him, with Julius Caesar, but, uh, those people were also very, very well taken care of too, and why they will march with him to Rome, you know what I mean? It's, it's a, it's a similar thing that happens with this time period when, you know, generals and leaders are essentially one in the same. Nowhere else to run, Jamukha's friends finally get tired of playing Team Rocket and decide to turn him in, and Temujin has some interesting ideas about how to handle him. Kill the friends, let Jamukha live. Say what now? If there's one thing I won't allow, it's betrayal. Also, there's like a non-zero chance that if you betray me and then run away, I might end up conquering the entire world chasing you. What do you say? Friends? My friend, I respect the hustle, but I'm done running. My feet are killing me. So what do you say? You send me flying so far. I'll never come back down. By the way. I'm glad that he's telling this part of the story with Jamukha and just kind of the rise to power, because usually you're about to hear about him as just a real brief thing about, okay, you united them and then, okay, now the Mongols are off and they're doing their conquering. So you get to hear another story that again, it's not often told. So I do appreciate what's happening here. Anything for you, brother. With the power of all the tribes at his command, Temujin, now Genghis Khan, is pretty much unstoppable, but keeping all of those tribes loyal when nearly all of them have tried to kill him before is not going to be easy. Luckily, that is 100% Genghis' forte, making this nomadic warrior a world-class statesman, seemingly out of nowhere. Genghis Khan and the Mongol empire as a whole were absolute pros at assimilation. Conquered people didn't just get conquered. They became the Mongol empire. Another thing that might be seen as beneficial for the Mongols there was, yeah, incorporating them into their culture that way. The Mongol culture, you know, fairly adaptable because there are a lot of things that you might see culturally that may be really hard to say adapt. For example, the Mongols didn't require you to convert to their religion. It really wasn't that type of thing. Their religion was tied to sort of their homeland. It's not really something you can just convert to. So they made it very easy to basically be in their society because they let you keep most of your cultural aspects. Every man in the Mongol tribes between the ages of 15 and 70 was conscripted into the army, which hot dog on a log, that is a massive army. But then after being conscripted, their soldiers were immediately shuffled around into units of 10 with complete strangers, all from different tribes. That made it almost impossible for any particular tribe to rise up against the Khan and it helped all of his soldiers bond with their new comrades, like a big bloody summer camp, and it wasn't just about making everyone into a Mongol. Yeah, they broke down into a lot of smaller regiments. A lot of that is because they have to be extremely mobile. Now you are going to have to get good because the Mongols fight in tactics that really require a lot of synchronicity amongst them because they, you know, use and are known for using horseback and the way that they would do the feigned retreats and just their movements had to be like one body, maybe not unlike say the Greek phalanx and how everybody had their role and everybody had to perform that role and you performed as one. So they were able to do that. The Mongols themselves assimilated with the people they conquered. In the case of Genghis Khan, he surrounded himself with shamans, Christians, Buddhists, and he counted on all of them. Genghis was surprisingly willing to recognize any Tom, Dick and Harry who could do a good job. My favorite example is the bodyguard patrol. He had 10,000 people in it because they were also his moving capital. Everywhere he went, there is an entire military Academy and administrative Bureau running after him. It was a place you had to, I mean, they were operating an empire. So. Hey, and that was beneficial. It's like, you know, okay, your palace is cool, but we can pack up our yurts and we can go anywhere that we possibly want to for the best and brightest soldiers and administrators to prove themselves and all of the most important generals and noblemen sent their sons and relatives there to give them a leg up. And not just soldiers of the enemy people, but skilled people, the places they would conquer the engineers, for example, and there's the famous stories when they are going to be conquering China, how they would basically take Chinese engineers and pretty much force them to give up secrets about the Chinese engineering and their, um, walled cities, but then pretty much make them, uh, have to build siege craft and things like that. Yeah. They tried to identify talent, not just of soldiers, but just talent in general. And they did a pretty good job of that. Like when they conquer Persia, for example, they really respected kind of the, how, how the Persian governments would do administration, their tax collecting, um, their, uh, uh, carrying out of laws and those sorts of things. And basically just adopted it. In fact, uh, when they eventually conquered China, they actually brought from Persia, like, uh, administrators and tax collectors and everybody that kind of were a lot of people that work in, in government and brought them over to China and use them because they thought they were very skilled. But again, it wasn't just about adapting to Mongol culture. Like you said, the Mongols, uh, would adapt into other cultures. So for example, and they went into Persia, which was Islamic. Um, they had massive conversions of Mongols to Islam and intermarried and things like that, and, uh, pretty much just blended in seamlessly within a few generations into that entire culture there, which then goes right back to inspiring loyalty. Because, uh, don't betray the Khan or else your son is right there. And Genghis will have a very easy time. Killing do not want to betray him. Still Genghis Khan we're talking about. Let's not forget. Anyway, now that there are no more Mongols to conquer credible brutal and psychotic to meet their neighbors, the gin and the Shaw are Chinese dynasties that splintered off from an earlier empire and it's the song that are the big ones there. That was the China that we really think about it. The Han ethnic Chinese, the, um, incredible big cities and the song dynasty and their technological achievements and, um, urbanization that was far ahead of a lot of these other places, but yeah, there's a reason by the way, they haven't heard of some of these groups like the G you may have not heard of these groups, like the chin or the core as me and empire. And then because they were annihilated, the Khoras means are a rebel dynasty that took over Persia and central Asia. Those guys were the ones that rejected the, uh, Mongol. Well, first it was like Mongol caravans and envoys that came into that area and they were attacked. Um, and because of that, it angered the Mongols so bad. They just wiped them out. None of these empires were in great shape. The first lucky winners to get invaded by the Mongol horde were the shop whom Genghis Khan had accused of harboring his enemies. As we've established, that was pretty normal. And something Genghis himself may have taken advantage of for 10 years, but Raiders going to raid. This raid was very successful. But not quite a conquest credit where it's due. Genghis Khan was a master at tricking his enemies into chasing him. But when it came time to actually take their cities, he hit a wall. Literally the Mongols didn't live in cities like this. So Genghis Khan basic battering rams, they'll innovate though. He switched targets and attacked the gin, lots of plunder, but again, no conquering. This is when, again, they start using like Chinese engineers to help them basically innovate ways to take their own cities. Reason, another wall, highly underrated piece of technology. The wall, what Genghis does get out of this raid, however, are some gin dynasty engineers who teach him how to make siege weapons. And the next time he invades, Oh, it's over. The gin dynasty is in pieces before Genghis even makes it to the capital. There's rebellions. Some commander abandons his post to go murder the emperor. It's every man for himself. By the way, if you're wondering about gunpowder, gunpowder is still a very fringe concept. Um, the Chinese were kind of starting to kind of experiment it with it as a weapon, you'll start to see it when they are going to fight the Mongols, but you're talking very rudimentary things. You basically, you would get these metal pipes and stuff, a ball in there with gunpowder and light it, and it would shoot horribly inaccurate, but still devastating because it was loud. It was a smoky, it could frighten enemies. It could really, uh, frighten horses. Um, it's really after the Mongol conquests that really, that kind of the, the techniques with gunpowder are going to spread throughout the Silk Road and then really start to be innovated into the things like cannons and stuff that you're going to see here about a century or two later when you really start to see a gun powder, have a big innovative effect. When you see what the gunpowder empires that were basically descendants eventually of the Mongols, um, like the Mughal empire, the Ottoman empire, the Safavid empire that really got there, you know, superiority and their power from being early innovators of gunpowder warfare, especially with cannons to attack these city walls, like he was saying, used to be just like the impenetrable thing that in the history of warfare, you just couldn't really do anything about. It's actually why, because while cities were so effective that really until gunpowder, the thing that you did in siege warfare to defeat a walled city was basically just encircle them and starve them out, cut off all their access to getting products and their farms outside of the walled cities and the trade coming in and basically force them to surrender. That used to be like what siege warfare often was. Over in Persia, the Khwarazmians see this happen and they decide now is a perfect time to antagonize Genghis Khan. I guess they figured the Mongols couldn't handle a war on two fronts, but like, what was the plan? They captured a merchant caravan from Mongolia and then killed the diplomat sent to sort things out. And for what? To be a nuisance to their neighbors? Do they not care about their lives? It's because this was still early time that that idea of the Mongols and their just historically unprecedented cruelty had not quite been the common news yet around these fringes of different groups, far away from the Mongol lands. But it's just going to take a few instances that you're going to see here and the Khwarazmians are going to be a part of that where you start to get that legacy and then that legacy will precede them to the point where the Mongols could show up to cities and those people have already heard about the past cruelty of the Mongols and they just start waving the white flag saying, we give up right now. When Genghis Khan invades the Khwarazmian empire, that is the war that earns him his reputation as an inhumane madman who wipes entire cities off the map. Just like with the djinn, the goal wasn't just to win battles, it was to shatter loyalty and nothing makes a city reconsider its loyalties like the threat of complete annihilation. But you know, it's more fun than blood and gore. By the way, same thing's going to happen a little bit further west in another, even greater empire, the Abbasid Caliphate and what the Mongols do there in Baghdad. I don't know if he's going to talk about the siege of Baghdad because the video is wrapping up here. One of the greatest sieges in all of world history. They're going to end up slaughtering pretty much every single person they can find. It's one of the biggest cities in the world, at least a couple hundred thousand in and around that area and they wipe all of them out. A couple hundred thousand and one of the bloodiest sieges we had ever seen. It ends the Islamic golden age, the Baghdad house of wisdom that gets destroyed, including all the incredible works that were there and it it took Islamic civilization actually made them go a whole different direction and kind of ended a lot of the unity and the kind of a lot of the descendancy of caliphs and sultans and any type of unity that might've been left pretty much ended there because of the Mongols. And just the big thing is you do not turn down the Mongols when they give you an option or a diplomat or some kind of communication. And if you look like the aggressor, then boy, do you get to see those Mongols that you have heard about and should fear in your nightmares? Matters of succession. Am I right? I think Genghis Khan thought so. Once again, Alexander, the great meet Genghis Khan, both dudes, very good at taking stuff, but one of them was an awful lot better at keeping stuff. One advantage Genghis Khan had was an adult son, but that wasn't the end of the story. Genghis could have chosen his oldest son to inherit everything and call it a day, but his first born son was in a feud with his second born son. So choosing either of them would have meant tearing the empire apart in a civil war. The instant Genghis Khan dies. Well, there's also a history of electing rulers. The coral tie, they would elect Khans with that as well. So even if he did sort of declare an heir, there still would have been competition for sure. And the Mongols don't have time for that. They've got Europeans to terrorize. Looking at his other sons, the most obvious candidate seems to be his fourth son, Tolui, who was the greatest warrior in the family. But Genghis Khan didn't want the empire to be led by the greatest general because his third son, Ogedei, inspired the most loyalty. People genuinely liked him. And even if his brother was better on the battlefield, Ogedei could trust his most capable subordinates to get the job done. Well, it's interesting because you think about it from Genghis's perspective, if he does have to sort of endorse somebody, well, who do you want? Do you want somebody that's good at diplomacy or do you want somebody that's just good on the battlefield? And it looks like with this, with Ogedei, who does become the leader after this, and then Kublai, that loyalty is really important. Okay. Just like Genghis Khan himself, when Genghis Khan died a few years later, he might not have finished conquering the world, but he had completely upended the model. Wait, that's what Genghis Khan means. It's like universal ruler, essentially, because like you said earlier, his real name was Timogen. Um, Khan is a king and yeah, Genghis Khan basically means ruler of like the universe. That's what it was supposed to be. It's supposed to be one people under one sky doing things and laid the groundwork for much more to come. When his father died, Genghis had been left with nothing. But when Genghis Khan died, he left his son with an empire stretching from the Pacific Ocean to the Caspian Sea. The United States was only going to get bigger. And that's separated with different rulers. So again, Kublai is going to be also one that is going to focus on China. Then you have the group that's going to the golden horde that's going to focus up in on Europe. You got them going down to the Middle East. Like we said, they're going to create the Ilkhanate. And although what, um, I don't know if he's going to continue this, is this going to be a series, it was kind of a cliffhanger there because what ends up happening is yeah, the empire is going to largely fraction up into small Khanates that are going to be fairly autonomous and depending on where it was, uh, is going to either assimilate or kind of just blend in because it does not stay together for more than a generation or two after Genghis Khan. But here's some more final thoughts. All right. So interestingly, kind of with the title here, it wasn't really what this was necessarily about. It was more of almost a biography and less allow about him being really a general or how he conquered, which remember the video is how a C-tier general became an S-tier conqueror. Didn't really get into that much, but more of like a biography. So I was thinking if there was going to be again, this kind of thesis that either kind of downplayed his actions or maybe it overplayed them, whatever it is really didn't end up doing that in this video, but gave kind of a rise to power story with Genghis Khan, which I think is really interesting too, because it can explain a lot about how he's going to be as a ruler. How is he going to be as a general when you see his life experience going there? Anyway, I'm interested to see if he, again, he's going to continue this and see what happens with like the Khanates breaking up because that's going to happen almost immediately. The Mongols are going to rule China for about a hundred years known as the Yuan dynasty. Cause they overthrow the Song dynasty and get rid of all of them. They basically blend into Persia, become the Ilkhanate, got the Chagatai, which is going to be in central Asia. And then interestingly, that golden horde we talked about that was invading Europe that was headed right to the heart of Europe before they stopped their conquest due to the death with Genghis. And then later, you know, like with Ogedai or yeah, after that passing and they have disagreements and actually end up stopping their incursion into Europe, but are going to rule longer than anywhere in Russia, Russia was the place that the Mongols held onto the longest, they had a tribute system that is going to go for pretty much a couple of hundred years until the modern day. Russia is basically founded by pretty much announcing that they are not going to pay that tribute to the Mongols anymore. So that was kind of that last holdout. Anyways, you can see I'm talking and talking and talking as the video is over, but I absolutely love Mongol history. I put it probably in my top three of things I love teaching and learning about because there are so many fascinating, weird things about this. It does get into some dark history because of the brutality of them, but it's just fascinating how you have this civilization that did so much in such a little time and then almost vanished. All right. With that, we'll see y'all next time. Bye.