An extraordinary discovery in Texas has revealed dinosaur footprints hidden for nearly 113 million years. As extreme drought lowered the Paluxy River in 2026, researchers uncovered dozens of ancient tracks, mysterious claw marks, and an incredible dinosaur trail stretching more than 500 feet.
In this DiscoverTube investigation, we explore 20 remarkable discoveries at Dinosaur Valley State Park in Glen Rose, Texas. Discover how scientists and volunteers documented prehistoric footprints, investigated possible swimming dinosaur tracks, and used drones and 3D mapping to preserve evidence of creatures that walked the Earth millions of years ago.
A severe 2026 drought in Texas exposed ancient dinosaur tracks in the Paluxy River, allowing volunteers to document 40 to 60 prints. Using 3D mapping and photogrammetry, researchers preserved data from the \"Lone Ranger Trail\" and other anomalies before rising waters re-covered the site, marking a shift toward digital preservation over physical removal.
What you found is a new trail of dinosaur tracks.
They're Acrocanthosaurus. This is
what this depression is here. It's really eroded out right here.
Imagine stepping into a shallow Texas river
and spotting a footprint in the stone beneath
your feet. It has three long toes but no person made it.
A dinosaur left that impression
roughly 113 million years ago
when this riverbed was a coastal mudflat.
For most of the year, you would walk right past it.
Water and gravel cover the tracks,
sometimes for years.
But during a severe dry spell in 2026, the Paluxy River fell,
giving volunteers a rare chance to uncover dozens of prints.
Among them were an unusually long trail,
and Mark's scientists still cannot explain.
How did footsteps survive for more than 100 million years?
And why can the same river that reveals them also destroy them?
The answer starts with the stone beneath the water,
the river that cut down to the Cretaceous.
The Paluxy begins where its north
and south branches meet near Bluffdale in Erath County.
It runs about 29 miles southeast through Somerville County,
before joining the Brazos just east of Blenrose.
Over roughly a million years,
flowing water cut through layers of Cretaceous rock.
When it encountered beds harder than
the surrounding material, it eroded sideways
instead of straight down, exposing broad, flat slabs of limestone.
One of those slabs
preserves a shoreline that existed
while dinosaurs still walked this part of Texas.
Their tracks are not loose fossils lying on the river bottom.
They are impressions fixed in the bedrock itself.
At high flow, the tracks disappear under water and gravel.
At low flow, they can become accessible again.
The September that broke Texas temperature records.
September 2026 brought extreme heat to Texas.
Federal Monitoring reported
a statewide temperature anomaly of 8.2°F above normal,
with 225 counties recording their warmest September on record.
The National Weather Service also reported triple-digit temperatures
continuing unusually late around Dallas, Fort Worth and Waco.
For the shallow Paluxy, sustained heat matters.
Its broad, exposed surface allows evaporation
to remove water quickly,
especially when there is little incoming flow to replace it.
The river was also responding to a drought covering much of the region.
Heat accelerated the loss of water from a channel already running low,
creating conditions in which rock,
normally hidden beneath the river, could be examined on foot.
84% in drought and the echo of 2022
By late September,
roughly 84% of the southern plains was experiencing drought,
the widest regional footprint since 2022.
Severe conditions expanded across northern Texas,
with some areas reaching extreme drought.
Somerville County, home to Dinosaur Valley State Park, was affected.
The comparison with 2022 matters. That earlier drought also lowered the
Paluxy enough to expose dinosaur tracks
that usually remain submerged. The water
simply stopped hiding them.
This makes access cyclical rather than miraculous.
Dry weather can open a brief fieldwork window.
Later storms can close it.
Yet a regional drought percentage cannot show what happened
in one river channel.
For that, researchers could look to a gauge near Glen Rose.
A river measured in single digits.
The US Geological Survey measures the Paluxy at Glen Rose,
station 08091500.
Its records show how dramatically flow can change.
A late spring reading in 2026 was 27.5 cubic feet per second,
below the long-term median
of 37 for that date.
The historical maximum for the same calendar date was 2,610,
By late summer, provisional readings reported
by a third party suggested flow had fallen
toward just 2 cubic feet per second, with the water level below 2 feet.
Flood stage at the gauge is 22 feet, and major flooding begins at 30.
The low water created an opportunity,
but it did not automatically expose every footprint.
Gravel still covered much of the stone.
Shovels before science.
The river's falling water level made the discoveries possible,
but volunteers did the actual uncovering. Over roughly a month,
members of the Dallas Paleontological Society
and Tarleton State University's Geology Club
worked in the channel,
removing gravel by hand until they reached the limestone underneath.
It was slow work involving shovels,
mud and standing water, often continuing until dark.
Every forecast storm threatened to raise the river
and wash fresh sediment across
the newly cleared surfaces.
That urgency shaped the operation. The crews could not
assume they would have the same access next week, let alone next year.
They had to expose the prints,
record them and preserve the information while the river allowed it.
Roughly 40 to 60 tracks.
The number of newly cleared prints changed as fieldwork progressed.
Early reporting, citing volunteer Paul Baker,
put the count around 40 across two locations.
Reports published later placed it near 60
and described unusual claw-like marks.
Those figures represent different points during ongoing excavation,
not necessarily conflicting conclusions.
The reasonable summary is that crews cleaned and
documented roughly 40 to 60 tracks during the season.
Many were part of sites already known
to paleontologists. The achievement was making them visible together,
allowing new measurements
and comparisons. The priority was documenting
those prints before the river covered them again.
Drones, moulds, and the race against rain.
Instead of cutting stone out of the riverbed,
the teams built a record of what they exposed.
They took photographs and measurements,
filmed the surfaces, made physical moulds,
flew drones, and developed three-dimensional maps.
Photogrammetry combines overlapping photographs
into detailed 3D models.
With careful capture, those models can preserve surface features
at a resolution comparable to
laser scanning, letting researchers measure
footprints after the water returns.
At the Baker site, volunteers made moulds
of newly documented features so replicas
could be produced.
It records how tracks relate to one another across the entire surface.
And one of the most important records from the season concerned
a trail extending more than 500 feet,
while lime mud keeps a footprint. Ordinary footprints vanish quickly.
Loose sand collapses, rain softens the edges,
and passing animals disturb the surface.
In the Cretaceous, however,
dinosaurs crossed fine carbonate mud on a shallow coastal flat.
That material could hold an impression when damp,
and become firmer as it dried.
A foot left a clear shape, sometimes with a raised rim.
Then another pulse of sediment covered
the surface before waves erased the mark.
Over time, those layers hardened into limestone.
The Glen Rose Formation records repeated
changes between submerged coastal settings
and exposed tidal flats.
That explains why a single rock layer can contain many tracks,
while the bed just above it has almost none.
Each track-bearing surface preserves a brief moment when firm mud,
moving animals and rapid
burial came together.
The Lone Ranger Trail At the Taylor site, the standout feature
is the Lone Ranger Trail.
It contains more than 140 consecutive
steps across over 500 feet of rock.
One dinosaur's path preserved almost continuously.
Researcher Glenn Kubin, who has studied the site for decades,
describes it as the longest surviving dinosaur trackway
in North America.
That is his assessment, not a formally established record.
Its length is roughly one
and a half American football fields. This season,
volunteers extended the known trail by finding two prints
at its beginning and two at its end.
Four tracks may sound modest, but on a surface mapped for decades,
they add rare evidence about where the animal entered
and left the exposed area.
The path is longer than researchers previously knew,
and better documented.
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Two different rocks, two different track sites.
Not every limestone surface
in Dinosaur Valley State Park preserves tracks equally.
The park covers more than 1,520 acres and has five major track areas,
but their geology differs.
Most tracks sit in the main track layer, a dolomitic wackstone,
muddy limestone later altered by magnesium-rich fluids.
The Taylor site lies higher in the sequence,
in grainstone, with laminated lower layers
and upper layers disturbed by burrowing organisms.
Those differences affect how
clearly footprints survive, and how safely crews can clean them.
Resistant beds maintain sharper details.
Weathered or fractured rock may crumble during exposure.
On one of these exposed surfaces,
workers encountered marks unlike the familiar walking tracks
The Parallel Claw Marks at Baker 1
At the Baker 1 site, crews uncovered pairs of large,
parallel gouges rather than normal
footprints.
Kubin suggested they might show
a dinosaur moving through shallow water, buoyed partly
by the water, while using its limbs to push against the bottom.
In that scenario, claws would make brief contact instead
of a whole foot pressing into the mud
Repeated pushes could produce paired scratches,
rather than a standard walking sequence.
It is an intriguing interpretation,
but remains unpublished and unreviewed.
The marks have not established a new dinosaur behaviour,
or even a definite trackmaker.
Their value is that the documentation preserves a testable question –
were these scratches
...made by an animal swimming or by some other process.
A suspected nest and what if confirmed means.
Workers at the Taylor site also noticed smaller impressions,
possibly made by juvenile animals,
along with an unusual depression that some suspected could be a nest.
That possibility should not be mistaken
for a discovery already confirmed.
The feature has not undergone peer review,
and natural erosion can create hollows that
resemble biological structures once filled with sediment.
Testing the nest hypothesis would require examining
the depression's internal layers,
searching for material such as eggshell,
and ruling out ordinary scouring by flowing water.
The river's return makes further inspection difficult,
so precise photographs and 3D records are especially important.
For now, the correct
description is a suspected feature awaiting research,
not proof of dinosaur nesting at the park.
A square-heeled track nobody can name.
Another impression at the Taylor site has a square-shaped heel.
Researchers have not identified the animal that made it,
and the shape may not accurately
reflect the original foot.
Many tracks at this site contain iron-rich clay
that washed into the depression after
the animal passed.
That fill hardened and preserved the print,
but it can also distort its visible outline.
The square heel could therefore be a genuine anatomical clue,
or simply the result of sediment
settling into an ordinary track.
Without further analysis,
neither explanation should be treated as established.
The unusual shape is precisely why high quality measurements
from this short exposure window
matter.
The animal doing the walking.
Most newly cleaned footprints are three-toed theropod tracks,
likely left by Acrocanthosaurus,
a large two-legged predator.
Some trackmakers remain unidentified, according to the field team.
Acrocanthosaurus lived roughly 112 million years ago,
long before Tyrannosaurus rex.
It had three fingers on each forelimb
and a distinctive raised ridge along its back.
The park generally dates its dinosaur tracks
to around 113 million years ago.
Scientists identify likely makers through toe count,
print geometry, depth, and stride length.
These traces can reveal approximate size and movement,
but cannot provide the certainty
of a skeleton preserved beside the tracks.
Reaching today's interpretations took decades of comparative work,
beginning with a discovery made by someone
who was not a paleontologist.
A boy, a flood, and three toes.
In 1909, a boy named George Adams noticed
enormous three-toed marks along the Paluxy
after an earlier flood had stripped sediment
from the channel. That origin
carries an important irony.
Drought exposes tracks by lowering water. Floods can also
reveal them by scouring away gravel.
The same river both uncovers and conceals its history.
Nearly three decades later,
paleontologist R.T. Bird of the American Museum of Natural History
recognized multiple trails,
including rounded sauropod prints alongside the theropod tracks.
Those observations provided strong evidence
that giant sauropods could walk on land,
challenging older ideas that they needed to remain submerged.
The site eventually became a state park,
but Bird's excavation methods left a complicated legacy.
The trackway that was cut out and partly lost.
Bird removed sections of the fossil-bearing riverbed
and shipped the stone to museums.
The slabs were divided among institutions,
and portions of the original trackway were lost
or damaged during the process.
Footprints that had endured for more than 100 million years
could not survive modern removal completely intact.
Later researchers reconstructed
the missing context from birds' photographs,
creating a three-dimensional model more than 45 meters long.
That history explains why current crews focus
on digital records and molds
instead of cutting more slabs from the river.
A removed fossil can preserve the impression,
but lose the spacing
and orientation that make a trackway scientifically useful.
The lesson is not that stone must never be collected.
It is that preservation includes relationships between tracks,
not just individual footprints.
Erosion gives, and erosion takes.
Comparisons between modern 3D models
and maps made over 15 years earlier show that erosion
has both destroyed previously recorded features
and exposed prints that were once hidden.
Fast water can scrape away gravel, revealing limestone.
It can also remove sections of the track-bearing stone itself.
Between floods, gravel cover offers some protection against abrasion,
weathering, and temperature changes. That creates a paradox.
The prints are easiest to study when exposed,
but they often survive longer when buried.
Park staff expect some protected surfaces to last for decades,
while others will eventually wear away.
Would you document these trackways and leave the stone in place?
Or remove selected sections for museum protection?
Tell us what you think in the comments.
A 765 kilovolt decision in the same county.
The riverbed is not the only place where the area's landscape
and future plans intersect.
In August, Texas regulators approved certificates
for two Encore transmission projects,
forming Import Path,
one of the Permian Basin Reliability Plan. One segment,
identified as Longshore to Dinosaur,
connects Somerville County westward toward Howard County.
The larger proposal involves roughly 250 miles
of 765 kilovolt transmission line,
targeted for service in 2029,
to move electricity toward the rapidly growing demand of the Permian
Basin. One preliminary alignment would have followed two sides
of Dinosaur Valley State Park.
Encore says none of its preliminary routes enters or crosses the park,
and Texas Parks and Wildlife supplied input on nearby links.
Project approval is confirmed.
The precise, final alignment should not be assumed from
those preliminary options. The window closes.
Rain returned to North Texas in early October
and regional drought conditions began to improve.
National Weather Service reports described
widespread rainfall of 2 to 8 inches
with isolated totals exceeding 10 inches near the Red River.
The Paluxy began rising again
and sediment moved back through the channel. The prints that
volunteers had spent weeks clearing returned beneath water and gravel,
their brief visibility
ending almost as quickly as it began.
Longer range forecasts favored further drought improvement
across much of north and central Texas into December,
though that was a projection rather
than an observed result.
For the researchers, renewed burial was expected, not a failure.
The purpose of the fieldwork had never
been to keep the riverbed permanently open.
It was to capture what could be learned while access lasted.
What actually survives?
The lasting result is a collection of measurements,
photographs, molds, drone imagery,
and 3D models documenting roughly 40
to 60 newly cleared tracks at two sites.
Among them are four extensions to the Lone Ranger Trail,
a square-heeled print whose
maker remains unknown,
parallel claw marks with an untested swimming interpretation,
and a depression that may or may not be a nest.
The questions are not settled simply because the
season's work is complete.
Researchers must test those interpretations against the documentation,
and future exposure may offer another chance
to examine the original surfaces.
The Paluxy preserves dinosaur footprints
because ancient mud hardened into stone. It reveals them
when water and sediment move away,
then hides them again when the river returns.
What survived this season is not a permanent opening in the riverbed,
but a better record of a world that disappeared 113 million years ago.
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Which of these unusual marks would you most want scientists
to investigate next?