How a CPU Turns 1s and 0s Into Everything You See

How does a CPU use billions of microscopic transistors to perform calculations and run software? In this video, we work from individual MOSFETs through logic gates, binary arithmetic and full adders to the ALU and CPU core.
See how processors fetch and execute instructions, how registers and L1, L2 and L3 cache work, how data moves between the CPU, RAM and storage, and why modern CPUs use multiple cores.

We also compare CPUs and GPUs, explain why GPUs contain billions of transistors, and show why their parallel architecture is so effective for graphics and AI.
Topics include transistors, MOSFETs, logic gates, binary, CPU architecture, ALU, registers, cache, RAM, GPUs and AI.

Chapters
00:00 Why CPUs Need Billions of Transistors
01:15 How MOSFET Transistors Work
01:58 Binary: How Computers Use 1s and 0s
02:06 Logic Gates Explained
03:27 How Computers Add Binary Numbers
04:50 Half Adders and Full Adders
05:57 How the CPU ALU Works
06:27 How a CPU Executes Instructions
07:22 The Program Counter and Instruction Fetching
07:38 L1, L2 and L3 CPU Cache
08:49 Instruction Decoder, Registers and ALU
10:22 Multi-Core CPUs, RAM and SSD Storage
11:34 CPU vs GPU
12:31 Why GPUs Are Used for AI
13:02 How a Motherboard Connects Everything