Solid State 12th Chemistry || Chapter 1- part2 Sachin sir #solidstatechemistry @a2zpractical991

Hello everyone, how are you all doing? I think you must be having a great time in your life. We will definitely watch the 8-digit practical. So, kids, I'm Sushant Shukla, and you're seeing an 8-digit practical. So Beta Main is on the channel. Related to Physics, Chemistry, and Biology First of all, there are all the practicals. How did you get 30 out of 30 marks? Is the saree available in green? There is one more thing. I have already started the lecture on it. So halogen derivatives, huh The doosra chapter begins with your start. That is chapter number 1 Solid or State And one part of it is already done. Have you seen him? You must have felt very tired I'm ready for your second part. Today we will see our Chapter Number 1 Part 2 is the video. Today we will study the classification of crystalline solids. Which children are going to read Classification of what? Crystalline solid Today we will study the classification of crystalline solids. Aur bachcho, this classification of crystalline solids is not We'll see it first First one It has been classified into four types. This is our first ionic crystal. It is a covalent solid. This is our molecular solid. Our fourth one is our metallic solid. We will read about these four types in great detail. Plus, you have one task to do You don't need to go anywhere without your mobile screen. Your complete focus should be right here. Alright, son, let's start the pat pat game. Our first one That is your ionic crystal. So, tell me, what are ionic crystals? You have been broken down Who are you made of? You're the one who's been banned Just like the salt in your home You use salt at home, you use namak. That's an ionic crystal of yours. They are made of that ion. Let's see what happens Yes, ionic crystal Very interesting topic. This is the first one, my son It is an ionic solid. In those, the consequence particles that exist How are you? Ion charge What is this ion charge? Show me, I'll charge you ion Ion charge in MATLAB: your cut ions and anions Ion charge in MATLAB, your cut ions and these anions That's what we call a charge ion It has a negative charge. What about the other side? Positive charge Negative, positive The entire crystal has been formed by this charge ion. So tell him to charge the ion What is a doosra? It's charged. Maybe you're cutting corners. Aur may be anions possible There might also be a size difference between them. Here, look, this is your positive version cut. Negative ion Check its size too, it looks like it fits. The cut ion is small. Anions have a large size. I think you'll understand this now Alright, we'll see you next time What is the next aamara point? Ki We'll see the next one, we'll look at the next diagram, you all Look here You must be looking very handsome in it. Are you seeing it? You, Na, Cl Yes, this is your molecular crystal. Sorry, yes, those are your ionic crystals. What is the positive and negative charge here? Your combination is Alright, let's look at the second point. Each ion is bonded with an oppositely charged ion. And particles of the ionic crystal Are held together by the electrostatic force of attraction What do you see in this diagram, son? You are seeing this in the diagram. Yes, here it's a combination of positive-negative. A combination of negative and positive Positive-negative combination A combination of negative and positive Is this true or not, oppositely charged ion It's a positive-negative chuda. The negative is positive. Thus, the entire structure formed by oppositely charged ions is an ionic crystal. But when these charges rub against each other A force acts between them. That's why they're distancing themselves from the others. What's happening with the other guy? Are you screwing him? People call this force "Aur." Electrostatic force of attraction What do children call it? Electrostatic force of attraction Alright, you see next Are you looking? Look. A force is being applied in the middle. People call this force the electrostatic force of attraction. What do you call this? Electrostatic force of attraction Let's see what people are saying I see you, Agla. Ionic crystals are hard, brittle. And have a high melting point What is this? Four chairs placed facing each other They are very tough. And there will be a storage point If these are too many hurdles So they'll have to mix it even more. To reach their melting point So, the ones that are solid are unique What is their melting point? It's extremely high, dude, because of the OG These are tough. Let's look at the next point, kids Come on These are non-conductive welds. There were more points. Now look here What is this now? Kapi Tattly Compact Theme I mean, the one who is its atom. Want to hear it One who is the atom of this It is extremely tightly packed with the second atom. There is no gap between them. So, are electrons flu, or can they not get flu? And if there is no electric shock, then electricity will conduct, it will not conduct So when they reside in the solid state, the atoms remain fixed in place. But if they reach that liquid state when we dissolve these ionic crystals in water These actions will take place here, and they will go very well, so if you dissolve this in the liquid, the atoms will move a bit apart, spreading out. What will be the flow of electrons if they travel far and far away? That would be excellent. What will be the flow of electrons, kids? That would be excellent. Okay? Let's go Let's look at the next point, kids What is the next point? Our example What are its examples? Your NaCl, K2SO4, KCl, NaCl — all of these are examples of it. This crystal structure of solid NaCl looks quite nice. This concludes your ionic solid. And we move on; the second one in our classification is your child. Covalent Network Crystal What is a Covalent Network Crystal right now? You've probably read about one thing, right? There is a covalent bond between carbon and carbon. What is covalent bonding? Because馌 Are carbon and carbon the same atom? One shares this, one shares this Doros share pairs and generate a bond. And the bond formed through bond sharing is called a covalent bond. Now let's read in detail about what it is inside. So, guys, look, your covalent network structure The constituent particles that it has are your atoms. What are your atoms? Atoms join with other atoms. So, what forms between them, we call that structure. covalent network structures Look, the atoms in your crystal are linked by covalent bonds. thus it is rigid and forms giant molecules Now, look here. How does this work? One type becomes rigid and can form giant molecules. How can you see, how can this giant molecule form? First, look at it: one atom is connected to another atom. The second is connected to the third, and the third is looking at the fourth. Now, when an atom is connected to another atom, that atom The bond between these two atoms when connected to the second atom It is called a covalent bond. We call it a covalent bond. And this is a covalent bond, which is not very strong. So, everything is gradually getting connected, through covalent bonds. How is a covalent bond formed? A carbon comes, its electron comes, another carbon comes, its electron comes. The poor dogs share padding, and these bonds are formed So what can carbon do? There are so many molecules formed by carbon atoms bonding together. And it can create a very giant structure, a very large structure can be created Right? So that's our covalent bond, that's our what? covalent bond When carbon atoms start forming covalent bonds with each other So it will become a very large, a giant structure farm. What will happen to the farm? What will become of this giant structure here? It will become a diamond, you see, the way carbon atoms are gradually bonding together inside it Let's move on to the next point. These are very strongly bonded structures, hence These are hard and incompressible materials. You are now seeing that the diamond It's tough, how is yours? Very, very tough, extremely tough. It's extremely incompressible; we can't break through it, sorry. You can't suppress him, why would there be any bonding between them? Covalent bonding, and what did I say about covalent bonding? What exactly happens when it's excessive? It becomes very strong, extremely hard, to break them down; let's see how the vaccines progress ahead. Now, look, these crystals have high melting and boiling points. Now tell me, if they're forming very strong bonds and are extremely hard, then it's only natural that poor things... Its melting and boiling points will be very high, and since it won't break, we'll have to supply it with maximum heat. Okay, let's see what happens next. Covalent solids are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Now, look, these are exactly what covalent network structures are. These are the... Look here, if I pass electricity through diamond, it won't conduct, will it? So these are the poor conductors of electricity? Because the electrons they have, the electrons they have They get trapped in the covalent bond. So this is what's not passing here, the dice are not rolling properly So this is what won't pass through the barometer. Electricity is, thermal conductors are thermal conductors. So, the one who cannot pass the barah mug Let's take a look at some examples. So, son, examples of this are our diamonds, quartz And that diamond is yours, go ahead and take a look What is this, is this your diamond? I've seen you, I've seen you This is your quartz. Where have you gone, brother, come here now Here I come, here I come So these are examples of diamond, quartz All of these are bad conductors of our electricity. So, buddy, have you seen that your second type is classified? Classification of what, covalent network solid I have written this to you. Now we see, our third What was our third type, tell me molecular solids Now tell me one thing So, who will it be? Tell me. It will be formed from molecules, that's correct. One molecule will combine with another molecule. So what will become of you? a molecular crystal will form Alright, let's take a look at some of the key points of this torn one. So substances such as Cl2, CH2 Alright, like chlorine, methane, H2, CO2 Alright, when we solidify it Whatever structures are created, we will call them. We people molecular structures What will we say to the little one, to him molecular structure Now show me, the constituents of the molecular structures the constituents, particles of molecular structures What are they basically? molecules are How are you going to tell this now? How would you tell this? As you see, you have one helium, one helium molecule, so what happens with the other helium molecule? It joins. Right? What happens when two helium atoms join together? How is your uncle's one molekool from the other chemical? It's a joint. We call this thing 0 - It is called molecular crystals These kinds of substances are called molecular crystals. No, I won't move forward there. I'll move forward. Kai and Sē move forward, I'll move ahead Here, these are the CO2 molecules from you—whose molecules are these? The CO₂'s, see this black one is carbon, the two red ones are oxygen. See, one molecule of CO₂... What happens to the second molecule of CO2? It is getting joined. What is happening there with the second CO2 molecule compared to the third molecule? It is getting joined. And it can generate an entire crystal. So this is what we call molecular crystals. What we call molecules So the crystals that will be formed by the molecules We call that... Molecular Crystals It's time to go. Next, let's see Next, look at this one—it's also a very good structure. Alright, regarding molecular crystals Alright, alright, this is carbon. diagrams, and the four hydrogen atoms are part of one molecule. methane combines with a second molecule of methane third molecules of methane What exactly is happening here, then? A molecule What is now happening to the second molecules? is combining, so the bond formed between them What kind of bond is this? This is your covalent bond. Which bond is a covalent bond? Now in this covalent bond Many different types of bonding are found. Three methods when they are connected to each other Because you are now connecting with the second one So, what are the intermolecular forces of attraction between them? And the intermolecular forces of attraction In molecular solids, there are three types. We will read further into this later. What types does it have? Just remember this for now which are molecular crystals Now, which intermolecular force of attraction is that? How many types are there? What did I say about all that stuff? We will read. Come, you see for yourself Now, regarding your molecular crystals What is it? They tend to be somewhat loosely connected. Now it's a bit loosely connected. So how are they? soft they are It's too soft. Our molecular crystal is If you are any poor conductor of electricity Cannot pass the electric current Then what will remain? Only the goodwill will remain. If you have any doubt Electricity does not pass through. It is your insulator. When your plastic has become a problem What does your molecular crystal look like then? Your molecular crystal is a perfect conductor of heat and electricity. I already told you how Mallikarjuna crystals interact with each other. We will now observe how all this stuff forms the molecular crystal. It was for the type of intermolecular processes involved, the first one is yours. And the third is the residual hydrogen bond in your molecule. Since the hydrogen bonds are forming, let's look at the first one. Weak dipole-dipole interaction—kids, tell me one thing: what does dipole mean? What does dipole mean if there are two poles? Two poles mean if one pole is positive and one pole is negative generated. That the dipole of the CV molecule is aligned with the dipole of the solvent, observe how the high-speed recording is taking place, just look, come on. First point A polar molecule is larger, active, sodic, and acidic, differing from our usual understanding. I'll tell you what the Bolero Malic juice is. Polar molecule. After this example, you can understand it immediately. But you just wouldn't understand, I'll tell you Let's look at what a polar molecule is. Look, Malg is your SCL. So, what is your H? Plus becomes, what does CL become for you? Minus. Why is it negative now? Because chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen. So why would Chhotee accept the two electro-hans above? Chlorine will accept it. And if chlorine accepts the electron, then H will become positive. And what will happen to you with chlorine? Negative Okay? So if bonding exists inside someone like that So we call this a polar molecule. What are called polar molecules? Understand polar molecules, everyone listen carefully One will be less electronegative, the other more electronegative. What are the less electronegative and more electronegative ones? The more electronegative element has greater power. Try to understand that the bond between them consists of electrons. They will polarize the electron on their side. And if they polarize their own side Show it here A pole is being generated right here. A pole is being generated here. We call this a dipole. What do you call this? dipole So, what are weak dipoles in dipole interactions? Polar molecules are molecules that have two poles. like HCl, H⁺ and Cl⁻ The second one we observe is London Forces. What exactly is this London forces? London forces act within non-polar molecules. But if the word comes London forces So we will definitely read what London forces are. What are dispersion forces? Look, the atoms that we have That which is our atom I started today with Data. And the proton will come to your side today Even in the second atom, there was something existing there. All electrons come together at once And the proton comes from one side today .HOUR AND ALL ELECTRONS ON ONE SIDE What is attraction between those nets? Because it's negative and it's positive. So, what do we call this attraction? London Porciers and Dispersers Porciers It is very low in iron and very weak. Because all the electrons are swirling around Amesa They were booming. Standing How is it possible that the clear electron simultaneously enters eight places? And all the Eldarons together will rush upon Pelosetti and crush them, scattering them like dust and ashes. What will happen between the electron and the proton? Bonding will begin, okay? And we refer to this as very weak dispersion and London dispersion. It's a week, because once again, if the electron If you run away from here to here, then what will happen to this bond? It will break, right? The force will be removed; there's no bond anyway. It's force, what will happen? It will get pushed away. Why do examples come inside it now? Now you all must know, no polar molecules What are they? If you know, comment in the comment box Please leave a comment, I appreciate you. Non-polar molecules are insoluble in polar solvents. Look, if anyone is from an atom The vaccine injects electrons, this is the lion's share. An electron does this. And both bonds are formed So, if Procore Sharing Pairing creates a bond, then Tell me the name of this now In the Nauen pulse, both sem atoms exist. The actress has a very strong presence on stage. It has not been done yet. What are you saying? Some of our monastic brethren are here. Those who enter within London Porcier and Disperzion Porcier I'll take a look to see who ours are. Alright, take a look at this Alright Look at this Some monatomic solids such as Organ, Neon All of this also comes inside us. Extremely low dispersion And they join the London forces. All of this comes from your molecules. Alright Come on Next we will see Hydrogen bonding What is hydrogen bonding? So, you'll understand what hydrogen bonding is. So show me which groups these are This is your second message from the mailbox, which you have accessed. Nearly So, the oxygen's negative charge connects with the hydrogen's positive charge. A bond is generated between these two. So what have we just seen? We have shown that the molecular crystal that forms There are three types of forces involved in it. Week Dipole Dipole Interaction London Forces and Hydrogen Bonding All of these Any new generator or any new dipole dipole anomaly Whatever фотографies are in between, the bonding, the bondings, we are nothing What do the kids say? Metallic bonding says, and last we So if I make bold from hammer Then I can become a queen If there were many rings, all of them would become bold. So we can hammer it and convert it into a thin sheet. Second, metals can be ductile. For this, we can also convert it into a wire. Look, this is a piece of copper metal we have here Look at this—I've converted it into which one? Drawn into a wire, this is called ductile. And the last one is a metal with good electrical and thermal conductivity. I mean, it can also conduct heat. Let's look at some examples. As in your example sodium, potassium, calcium, and iron What does all this have to do with your metallic crystal? It's an example. Look here, you must be seeing an iron road. This iron road here is made from the same atom as well. Fe, Fe, Fe is common across all worlds So these are the words metallic crystal So, kids, that was your Part Number 2 I have taught it very well. If you like this video, please don't forget to like it And be sure to share it with your friend too So that I can receive support And kids, if one of your subscribers comes to this channel He keeps quite a lot for me. That's why you were supposed to watch this video for Dhanesh And please, please do subscribe to this channel For rice