HYDROCARBON || Class 11th Chemistry Maharashtra Board Chapter 15 lec- 8 #hydrocarbons

If you carefully go through these notes with affection, your 12th grade will turn out to be very smooth. Because this chapter is extremely important for the 12th-grade students. And how are hydrocarbons prepared, with certain physical properties and specific reactions? In the previous video, we had looked at it very lovingly. And I teach children organic chemistry in such a way that they understand it thoroughly, from start to finish. Today we will be looking at an addition reaction. What do you mean? If you want to force an addition reaction on benzene, how would you do it? Because Alder, I had said that benzene does not undergo addition reactions. There are certain things, certain points, such that this reaction is possible, because chemistry always brings along mysterious elements. Alright, let's start. My dear students, I am Sachin Sukla, conducting this lecture. And I promised you that I would explain to you organic, meaning in a very detailed and thorough way. And to my children who have reached up to the seventh lecture from my very first lecture, I can confidently say with assurance that they must now have begun to grasp the subject organically. Let's start this lovely lecture, shall we? So let's see, today our first lovely topic is the chemical properties of benzene. In chemical properties, we basically study reactions, and so on. I mean, let me just inform you that we study reactions specifically for aromatic hydrocarbons, which are referred to as aromatic reactions. So how will we get to see the products? This is what we will do in chemical properties. So, the first topic in chemical properties that we will cover is addition reaction, which benzene does not exhibit. Now, in the addition reaction, the first addition we will examine is the addition to chlorobenzene. Suppose I took a benzene and performed chlorination on this benzene. What does a child need to use for chlorination? Tell me clearly what we take for chlorination? Sunlight or UV light. You can also use UV light or sunlight. As you use it. So, this chlorine here breaks down on a radical basis. One thing I forgot to tell you here, the child, The addition reaction that occurs with you, It is a type of electrophilic substitution reaction. Electrophilic substitution reaction You will say, sir, what is electrophilic substitution? Which species has a positive charge on it, okay? And those that are electron-deficient. What is an electron? It is electron-deficient. Okay? Let's see. Now listen carefully, the one who uses baby UV light or sunlight, listen carefully, Thus, all bonds here break radially. Now I'll tell you how they'll break. Look, look, how was it here, there were two chlorines, it breaks apart. Then a radical will come to chlorine, and another radical will come to chlorine here. Because if a bond breaks, two radicals are formed. You can break this one too, right? Does everyone here know this? Yes, sir, we know there's hidden hydrogen here. Now listen carefully to what I'm saying. Look, if I bring these two bottles of chlorine, So if this bond breaks, listen carefully, everyone, listen carefully, look, What kind of a fool are you? This one is broken, it's okay. That was his illness. Jaudermal Kar Banaage The man who built it was a madman. Then a bond will be formed here. So, if it's possible at this position So, even at this position, it is possible. So, kid, I'll use 3 molecules Because one will be fixed here, two will be fixed here Two will be installed here and two will be installed below. Look at the date Gyama This will be the gam. Gyama, isomers, apigenin, hecshaclorid It's a word ball. Gyama Hejzin And Lindon Linden, who is this? If all the Jatpis are in the heart of the Jida Upper insect site means in the fields where farming, etc., takes place, the crops that are grown there Look at them, those who speak of Gomakasin and others, they don't keep it, so this is just a mere act of pretense. Hey, come on, just look—this will be a completely simple reactive radical vice brick arrow. How much did it become for two two four two three two not? I've already told you; if you use a reducing agent there, what will happen to it? Here's the high-grade,物资, just like I took here, okay? And if I have to reduce the temperature of Baigin, I'll use the Niko method. I'll set it to 450 Calvin, then to 470 Kelvin temperature here—what will happen? Hchh, hchh, what kind of type is this? What is the carbon content in the Bajin Kizhe Kiserem? So, what is present in the carbon content? Now, the river of life, speaking of the present. What are you doing? The fast car is coming. You go, Benjaa, you go. It's a surprise here. The argument about ozone is indeed crucial for us, as it is essential for our very existence; otherwise, as I have always been reminded, we would not have survived. Here, here, here We need to apply this across the double bond. Alright, let's go with "Tik Carbon" then. Six carbon is one two four Five is it. What did I say, Oh Three Molecule They can attack anywhere because this targets only double bonds. So I can set up a place here. Alright, okay And what is here a single bond彷 So, today Atis is fine, so you've seen it What did I do, absolutely in an AGI way You don't need to worry here. Okay, directly to you, a simple benzene One above, two below One above, two below, in this manner Show me the attachment here Now watch what happens to your benzene. When you subject it to ozonolysis If you do it, this becomes yours. Benzene Tri-ozonides Alright Tri-Ozonoids Ozone is always present as Ozonoids It gets converted now, next step The next step is with us Zinc and H2O together When I react, please listen carefully. When you make Zinc react with H2O You all know that which Benzene is present at all its positions. All positions of carbon Haha, if that were the case, I wouldn't be so. I used to write in the upper part, now with mindfulness What is this Zinc you're talking about, you haven't even seen it? The child will listen carefully to this: What is Zinc? What will happen? Exactly that. In this way, bond breaking does not occur here. In this method, a gentle bond breaking takes place—something like this, something like this, something like this, something like this, something like this, something like this, something like this. Okay, now what is there in this bond breaking, child? Tell me which CA this CA connects to. There was a Kani Kri in this CA Ipm. So I see the connection. Shaum Feitar's object is here. It will look like a shawl, not a scarf. A renowned poet and a distinguished scholar I guess it's right next to Garuro's Lissi Mall. What happened to the oxygen? Look, CHO, CHO Both have slipped away; the entire thing has gone. Look here, look at this! Let me show you one from another pen, look from the dehna perspective Look, this whole thing is like this And this entire hope has shattered and left from here It's going out, look, it's splashing Look, this one has also broken, this one has also broken, this one has come loose This oxygen, this oxygen reacts with ZN to form ZNO So, how many molecules can come out like this? One of them slipped away, and look at the other one. You can exit from here, look These CHO, these CHO It can exit from here, two molecules Another one can come out, these CHO And this is CHO One, two And these three What could possibly happen here from here? He can come out, look, three CHO, look here, the child Look here, these three CHO's, what will happen to these three from here outside? So, what happens to our 3 molecules of CHO here? It comes out, what happens to the 3 molecules of CHO here? It comes out, then 3 CHO 3 CHO What happens here? Just get out already It is also commonly known as glyoxyl. Glyoxyl compounds correct Right? Then look carefully. Look, the bond is breaking down. The bond is breaking, it's coming out. So CHO came out from here 2 Get out from here, CHO, get out from here, CHO Say it out loud: What happens to ZNO, ZNO, ZNO when oxygen is involved, ZNO, ZNO, ZNO He will fill out the ZNO form as long as he needs to. ZNO, ZNO, ZNO ZNO will also be held here three times. What could be another name for it? ETHANE, 1, 2, DRY Very easy reaction, please fix this You've already done it; first, perform ozonolysis. O3 molecules, create temple-like structures One on top, the other two below One O above, two O below Later, remove CHO from CHO. Alright, let's move on to the next one. If it's required, I'll show you right here. that benzene shows electrophilic substitution reaction that you will find out in Resonance And the electrophile group we have like Cl, Br⁺, NO₂⁺ SO3H+, and R+, okay All of this is your Electrophile Substitution Reaction show them Next Look, I'm going to halogenate it for you I will show you the substitution reaction on benzene. And the example I am considering in it is Chlorobenzene, okay I'll do chlorination, if If I carry out the chlorination of benzene, what will I get? It matches, okay, so benzene's When performing chlorination, pay attention to Hear me out, first call this an Electrophile What does it do? This is your electrophile group. A positive charge, one by one. This is your electrophile group, okay Alright, if you don't understand So I'll tell you about bromination, it's very I can explain it clearly, look, now I I will perform bromination on benzene. At any position of carbon, Craig will attack at the position of benzene if he does so. Bromine will come here today. And the H that comes out from there, the second one What will be made with Opal Brax? What is the name of Achyut Kishore? If we go from 30 benzene to 75 benzene Will you make it or not? Will you make it or not, child Saharin, you will speak What is Clotrimazole? We can do tooling with it. A and M Meng is required, and Ben Raf is required. Why can I tell you? Why do you react when you see it? So this reversible reaction shows reversible reaction after product formation After that, back again It moves from the product side to the reactant side with such rapid reactivity. When will your HI become a reality? So, in the big one, it should be in the middle, the center of the dikhna should be the focus. He complains about his own fate. Iodination not done If the rat has gone, then iododhya is not a servant. It's fine here, let's proceed with the next reactions. With access to one chlorine, benzene gives hexachlorobenzene. You have one chlorine. Just took it, if I had chlorine in my access, like, my stuff, I have this here If Sara sealed it tightly, what could possibly happen here? Could you please tell me, okay? We're good. Here we will use An Hae Dars El Seil, which is also a type of Luis Acet Sei. Remember, if you use a one-dolé molecule like Cl₂, you'll get chlorobenzene, but if you use excess chlorine, you'll get hexachlorobenzene. Here you go—fun organic chemistry! Doubts constantly torment me, making me feel very restless and anxious. 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H" You want to say "Ino ven garna, aap chahate hain hamare paas ek aasid hota hai H" You want to say "Ino ven garna, aap chahate hain ham If you don't break this HNO3, there are two ways. We might meet. One is OH, and the other is NO2+. Okay, remember this. Never break HNO3 So what happens in OH and NO2? It undergoes breakdown. That's exactly what happens. You're talking about the nitration reaction. Let me explain nitration to you. I'm giving you the reaction very well here But look. Suppose you carry out nitration on benzene. Done. Nitration using HNO3. This is a nitration reaction. It is a mixture. Whenever HNO3 comes, it is mixed with it. Bro, here it comes, and its name is Concentrated H2SO4. This The nitrating mixture consists of concentrated HNO₃ and concentrated H₂SO₄. You all know how HNO3 will break down, right? You know, sir. OH minus and NO2 plus. Come on, tell me about benzene. Which reaction is possible above? Sir, you just mentioned it. Only a positive electrophile can react on top of it. Alright, react with the electrophile. Here, further ahead, your NO2 and the H that came out combine with this OH. What will it make? H2O. Tell me, what should I call this? Nitrobenzene. Sir, you won't be giving the theory written down. Son, can you write the theory? What else could I possibly tell you about this? Has achieved mastery in the reaction of Benzene with Concentrated HNO3 in the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄ to form this. Add some heat here too, okay? Alright, did you figure it out? Nitration mixture—concentrated HNO₃. Next, they increase toward sulfonations. You all know H2SO4. And if you break down H2SO4, one of them breaks into your OH-. And there is one SO3H+ of yours. That's exactly what we need. That's exactly what will cause sulfonation. Okay, let's go. Look, if you have a benzene group, and if you use concentrated H2SO4 here, The Catalyst that needs to be used along with this is Fuming. Fuming H₂SO₄. Okay? Now tell me, how will this break? Come on, tell me quickly, how will it break? Sir, you just mentioned OH- and SO3H+. The plus guy, just take him anywhere and hand him over, buddy, okay? What would it become if taken anywhere and turned into dough? SO3H+, the H that comes out—will it form H2SO4 by combining with this OH? Its name is Benzene Sulfonic Acid. You all have realized one thing, dude, Chlorine Nation has become a reality. CL2, Gromi Nation remained, BR2, Nitration remained, H2SO4, okay? Alright, let's move on to the next reaction. Next reaction is the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, which is also present in your twelfth grade, child reaction. It's very important to observe it carefully, even in the twelfth grade. This comes up in exams quite often, you know. And this reaction will come in your 11th, it also comes in 12th, okay. Look closely, how can you understand this reaction? Look very carefully. If I, the children above benzene, listen carefully, If I perform Friedel-Crafts alkylation on benzene In alkylation, one thing to remember is this Use CS3CL And Firdal Craft has given Catlis. Never forget that catalyst, kid—it's used everywhere. Will you ever forget this is not anhydrous AlCl₃? Whenever Firdal Craft Baba comes, bring Atma Catalis with you. And the cat's name is Unhydrous Al-Cl-3 Alkylation, then what will you do about it? CS3CL because the second one is also a part Now, look what this guy is doing with anhydrous AlCl₃ He won't let it break. So this will break down. CS3 Plus and CL Minus Because it keeps attracting this along with it. Positively charged Everyone knows, Brother As he will rise above benzene Then it will connect above the benzene. What? Yes! CS3 After that, the H that will come out What will it form with the other cell? SCL All children know their names. Its name is Tolion Methylbenzene You know, don't you? Which guru is this? Electro File What kind of guru are you? Electro File That's exactly what happens here. So, shall I fiddle everyone? Does everyone understand the alkylation reaction? Alright, I'll tell you the truth right here. Look here, it's a relaxation. Jago Bijnin ka Bijnin rakha kaha, as it is What chance do you have in this easy life? A simple group of people, you are in the functional group It has been taught about Asayal, this is yours anhydrous AlCl₃ What is the function of this? It's his job to break the child. How will you break it? One to plus, the other to minus in Where will the one who eats fruits go? You'll go there, dude OK Where will the fruit seller go? He will go there. Here it is, the plus version has arrived, right where he needs to go. And associated with it is CS3. And the one that comes out with it will be H. What will it form with the other CL? SCL Now I'm your IUPSC name Tell me two things, I'm listening, two One phenyl, then one phenyl Here, non Because this is a ketonic group, it is non- It's ketonic, right? Look, RC double bond CL, it's a one-piece finial, look here Never mind the ring, never mind the group, It has another name, this one They're acetone, and these are phenyls. So, Aceto, Finz Because the child This is the group, and In the group, you are the one who is being called. You'll have to apply the paste, then acetate Phinj is a surname. Ace it, and this will be your finale. So since this is for acetofenan, right now we're doing back-to-back What is a scientific best reaction? Well, the Friedel-Crafts reaction is one. And here, if you want to substitute any group here, just add any substitution here; whatever you remove will be high dose—look here, if you have any benzene and If you're making some substitutions here, then from here onwards What will happen to you with hydrogen? This hydrogen will come out, that's it, your hydrogen It will be replaced when the substitution group When preparing, the mono substitute Substitution Group A monosubstituted group reacts with an electrophile. Because only electrophiles can attack benzene Let's see here Here is your substituted group Now, if I carry out an attack by any electrophile on this substituted group above I attack any electrophile. So, there's a possibility of finding multiple products here. What are the possibilities? First, let me explain to you about ortho, para, and meta. In the child case group, where the substitute is present, it is located just in front of the para-paras. What is below the first para's ajuba and below ortho and ortho? Okay, now look here If I go to see here, then in the first case If this is a substituted group here, then an electrophile group can attach here. Or, the electrophilic group there can also undergo substitution here. Alright So, what are the meta-directing electrophile and ortho-directing electrophile groups doing here? React What are the other possibilities? Tell me. Possibility number 2 What is possibility number 2? possibilities Number 2 is here, right here. Now, this electrophile here This group can attack Meta. But Meta is here too, on this side as well. Meta Okay, so this He can attack here, here. What is the third case becoming here? I'll also mention the third case here. that this Electrophile group is this one you have It can also attack from the para position. So here it is After Monosubstitutes Any electrophile attacks So there are three possibilities that three Different types of products are available here for us. Can be obtained as Ortho, Meta, and Para Alright, then this will be yours. Ortho Product This is yours Will it happen? Everyone, speak up Meta Product and this is yours What will happen? Say it. What will happen to Product Para? Look at your Yes Para Product now on the basis of this attachment means the electrophile Here it is attached. two types there are two types How is our yes child Ortho and Para Directing Groups Because this is the very group carry out Any incoming group that you have What needs to be done for Ortho and Para? What do you need to do on Ortho and Para? It should be attached, like this, look here As I teach you a resonance here If you have So now, look, this is the thump of resonance Some things will be explained here. Resonance should come to everyone, okay? Just look at it like this. Okay, let's go. I'll start the resonance, then I'll tell you how it works. They influence; look at these positions As you start the resonance, this electron will move this way If the electron shifts over there, the child will... So, it will have a deficiency of one electron. So this will be the bull and the child here. If a bond is formed, the valency of this carbon will become 5. Count it, see, shall I count it? And a bond was placed on him; how much has it become? Five Will it go or won't it go, man? No, it won't work. Okay, then what will happen immediately? Like this group here, don't attack, I mean Bond makes it immediately this It's a pi-bond, isn't it? It comes out now. If the pi-bond protrudes outward then How many electrons are there in a bond? Two electrons—one electron stays on this side, one electron stays on that side. Now, if both electrons come to the same carbon atom, what will happen to that carbon? What is minus? The next step is increasing. Will the response be negative? Is Apple now safe? He will donate here again. and he will again turn evil I will go far again What will happen I went inside. and he went out again What to do What will you do? His response I called him off I don't know From this response, we are learning that that your ortho, para, and ortho para What kind of charge is the child facing? Positive charge Who will take the lead on this? A negative charge here. The cow gives milk when it is pregnant. The most expensive designer dining set ever made is the Jade Dynasty Dining Set by Alí Designer Dining Gadhenrash Jada A Tale Feel Ka Jata Pyakrata Japny Janaki Meta Vaccines, except for Meta Position So, you all have to remember this little trick Ortho para and ortho meta have negative charges. So, what do electrophiles do? They attack. So much for that simple thing ~~ all the children have gone missing We will make it, the dish of Drodavishan, the pickle of Acharoag Just one jump, and the drug has already gone. Oh, the rauretoe fund is plus Baronemonium Plus Carbonyl compound Am I a genius? You understand, NFT has become garbage Candle He told me about the incident, and I didn't know anything about it. The ones who will teach the metta are the Jains! How are positive charges generated, explain why oxygen Oxygen is more electronegative; check in pyridine. Later comes the carp, first comes the carp, so when you go left to right This Gurb is on meta position for any reaction Force you to react If you happen to see a grub with a charge position like this somewhere I'll tell you how to do it. Come on, let's see here Let me explain one of the resonance theories to you here. So you'll understand, man, if this position is for the charge-based grub Cyanite is also your example, okay It's your positive, and what happens to you is your positive. It's negative, right? Even if it's placed somewhere like that. Only the Meta Directive Group can respond; okay, let me give you Let me tell you about your own two. Child, this is your own two. And this becomes your positive. Reaction here of this kind Watch what happens now—this is positively charged. This is a negative charge. Look, now from here this electron What will starting to pool do? This electron density is negatively charged. The child is more electronegative than oxygen. That's why I'm taking this bond with me What does pooling do when it starts? Take all these bonds with you Once it starts polarizing, this bond shifts this way. And this bond goes this way. So now it's starting to look something like this Now look, this bond went this way, this bond went this way. So oxygen took an electron This will be a positive one. Once this bond breaks, the child loses this carbon. So what happened, plus the rest I'm writing as it is Now that it has become plus,-domain, what will plus do? Next step Look at the next step It should become neutralized. So this will attract it this way. If the child attracts this So a bond will be formed here. But what charge will be applied above this? The positive charge will arrive today. It will no longer want a positive charge. It will pull back. And it will pull it back this way. So it will start to look something like this I took it back from there. What are you realizing here now? What is becoming evident here? If all of this is grouped together So the child who is yours ortho Something else will come up on top of this. So, will someone from the electric file come to attack them? A positive charge Will Ortho and Para come to this Tom Attack? No, it's not this tom. ortho, para, and ortho electron density has decreased It has already arrived, so what will happen to any incoming group if it comes? incoming group incoming group attack on Okay, now you understand it why are they attacking the incoming group's metaposition? What has the electron density of the orthoposition of para-position become? has already decreased, which is why any incoming group coming from outside Come on, this is the best explanation of resonance where you are It becomes clear which one is the negative charge and which is the positive charge. Group attack where is going to be conducted next topic is our carcinogenicity and The toxicity of benzene—okay, look, the resonance I taught you about, that one Where you've now understood that, dude, chlorine, bromine, and if there is an iodine and also a methyl group somewhere connected there Ortho, para, and ortho-p orientation occurs with any electrophile. But if your group is a positively charged group attached to benzene As in anode to all compounds of the carbonyl group, such as aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, cyanide, and If this entire group is connected somewhere They direct benzene to the meta positions. Because when reacting, ortho, para, ortho lead to the formation of a positive charge Just take a quick look at this, and then you'll understand it very clearly. So, is benzene toxic and carcinogenic? Yes, benzene is both toxic and carcinogenic because of it. Cancers are caused by polycyclic aromatic compounds. such as fused aromatic compounds having two rings fused together If their incomplete combination is made, such as tobacco, coals and petroleum are also highly carcinogenic substances come out, which are our liver, lungs, and They can cause cancer in our bodies, okay, next point is that if benzene enters the liver, then it does It becomes oxidized and forms epoxides, which form. The epoxide that is benzopyrene reacts with glutathione If it forms epoxy diol, then I won't write these points for you—I'll write them myself. Do you know what benzopyrene forms when it reacts with smoke? epoxy, epoxy diol remains, and this epoxy diol is very dangerous What is epoxy diol? It is highly dangerous. It causes mutations in our DNA. causes mutation in DNA it causes mutations in DNA and It is so dangerous It also causes mutations in our DNA, and when our cells begin to grow That's exactly what cancer cells are—uncontrolled growth of the cancer cells. The mutation gets activated, after which cancer cells begin to form. DNA is so dangerous that it becomes hazardous to our bodies. Those chapters, I read them with great heart for you, kids. I want you to please, if you have this last, if you have this last If you're looking at part, please go from part 1 to part 7 The child is seen so well because I made the video from the heart for you. If you just take a look at these chapters, I'll tell you in 11 I'm giving it to you that if you love these chapters completely in 11 Each of your chapters has been placed in a playlist. Please take a look at them, I beg you. Because I'm very dedicated to you, I'll stay focused until your chemistry doesn't suffer anymore. Thanks, see you later. Thank you, but Banajara has made a video, and when you watch the video in full, you'll realize it's meant for you.