12th Chemistry – Solid State | Semiconductor | N-Type & P-Type Semiconductor @a2zpractical991

So today we will be looking at semiconductors, which is a very important topic in my Twal Kemshti's Scollidan Set. Come on, let's go here. The child who is your semiconductor, huh? What happens in it now, kid? What is present in a semiconductor? the valence band where electrons are present And the conduction band where electrons move is correct, right? So, the energy difference between them is very, very small. Then if you produce even a little thermal energy Then the electron will jump from the valence band to the conduction band. that is when we process the circuit in a certain way They jump to the conduction band from the valence band when thermal energy is supplied. An extrinsic semiconductor is a very different kind of semiconductor. Why? We dope inside it. The child is doping to cover up the impurities. And you'll just make a mockery of it like this. Thus, it becomes a very good conductor. Here we increase the conductivity by doping. What is doping? We carry small impurities. In semiconductors, to increase conductivity, we now have two types of extrinsic semiconductors. Group 14 elements—everyone knows this, brother. So, the element in Group 14, which you have, is... Above, we dope with Group 15 elements. You tell me what these are—surely you know, right? What is the movie that is related to electrical conductivity? What will happen to this semi-increase up to here? What is it that they value so much about the Awalang here? This is where your electrical conductivity takes place here. It increases due to what? Because the addition of extra electrons due to upper doping increases the bond conductivity. Now, how does this happen? We dope group 14 elements. They dope Group 14 from above with Group 15. As we doped silicon with phosphorus Now, phosphorus has 5 electrons in its outermost shell. and four of silicon So, what does phosphorus do? Forms a bond with four silicon atoms But an electron is free here, an extra electron will increase the conductivity of the entire circuit Alright, this extra electron will move through the circuit. and create an electrical conductivity for this circuit What does the entire circuit's electrical conductivity do? Increases, raises Everyone understood. So moving with the p-type of semiconductor The child who is a p-type semiconductor Even inside us, we still dope. How do you dope? This is where it happens. Doping of 13 elements above 14 We will take any one of the 13 elements. And the 14th one, which is the entire silicon frame that you're seeing here Look at the structure, these are atoms of this silicon Alright, so inside this we have Dope elements 13 Even boron What happens now, kid? Look, boron has 3 electrons in its outermost shell. And today's arm is 4 SI atoms. So it forms a bond with 3. Now a hole is created here Why? Because the fourth one, which does not even have an electron near boron that is bonded with silicon So, a bond is not formed there at all. Now, the child, So, according to, If electrons have moved into this hole if electrons go into this hole So, holes are created right here. Then electrons come from here If an electron went from here Then electrons will go from here So it's okay. 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The electron's transformation has gone haywire here, the movement has gone haywire too. And due to which, what will happen to our electric current flowing in this circuit? It will become a storm, just wait and see.