2025 Nobel Prize lectures in physiology or medicine Mary Brunkow Fred Ramsdell Shimon Sakaguchi

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Shimon Sakaguchi, Mary Branco, and Fred Ramsdell for discovering regulatory T cells (Tregs). Their work identified the CD25 marker and the FOXP3 gene, revealing how Tregs prevent autoimmunity by suppressing self-reactive immune responses, which has paved the way for new cancer and transplant therapies.