What If the star Antares REPLACED the Sun | Universe Sandbox

Hello everyone. In this video, the red supergiant star Antares will replace the Sun in the Solar System. You'll see how the planets and moons will change because of this, and which planets will survive at all. All of this will be demonstrated using the Universe Sandbox Simulator. Let's go! Today's video will have three parts to the experiment. And the very first part is about what exactly would happen if the colossal star Antares suddenly replaced our own Sun in the Solar System. So, I'm carefully selecting Antares here and precisely replacing the Sun with it. Oh wow. As you can clearly see, this enormous star completely engulfs everything, right up to the orbit of Jupiter. Incredible. Now let's compare our own star, the Sun, with the massive star Antares. Here is the Sun in front of you. So tiny compared to Antares. The sheer size of this star is just truly gigantic. If you look from a distance like this, you can clearly see our Sun over there, and just how incredibly tiny it is. And if you compare it to the Sun, the mass of this star exceeds that of the Sun by more than 12 times, and its radius, that is its size, surpasses the Sun by as much as 883 times. The surface temperature of this star is of course only 2849 degrees Celsius, but its luminosity exceeds that of the Sun by as much as 66,431 times. Incredible! Well, it's a red supergiant star, that's why it's so incredibly huge. And just look at its habitable zone. Here, essentially, all of the planets of our solar system are situated within the black zone, where everything would intensely burn, and only a very few celestial objects that are currently in the farthest reaches of the solar system just barely manage to fall into the red zone of this particular star. And now I'm starting the simulation. Immediately, all those planets that ended up inside the star burned up instantly. Here we have Jupiter very close as well. And as we can see, Jupiter is changing its orbit as if it's turning toward the star, and its temperature is already one and a half thousand degrees Celsius. I'm speeding up time even more. Well, yes, because of its large mass, the star is pulling this planet in, and now Jupiter is just going to collide. And now it's getting very close to the star. Let's see what this dramatic collision will actually look like. Jupiter, the gas giant, meets a rather sad end. And right before the collision, its temperature was over 1600 degrees Celsius. Here's another object flying in. This is Saturn, so all the objects are starting to get pulled in. Saturn is also extremely hot, and it's heading for absorption as well. Basically, nothing can survive. Even a planet like Jupiter has perished. Saturn also faces the very same situation, the same ultimate fate. And it too was completely absorbed by this truly enormous star. I've set an informative view here, and you can clearly see, a wave sweeps through after Jupiter's impact. And somewhere on this side, Saturn has also fallen in. But for now, I don't see any changes here. But that's not the main thing. Let's see what happens with the other objects in the solar system. So Uranus is moving. Uranus is also crashing into the star. Neptune is also moving toward being absorbed, most likely. Now the star is going to absorb it, yes. Neptune was also facing the very same sad fate. And Pluto is also crashing directly into the star. The object Quawar, the object Orcus Haumea, the dwarf planets are also heading to be absorbed by the star. Makemake is crashing in as well. This is truly insane. The massive star is pulling everything toward itself. Nothing can possibly escape its immense gravity, not even to survive. Oh Sedna survived! That's good. At least one object will survive in our simulation. Well, there's also the object 2018 VG18 heading toward the star. And it's crashing into the star as well. And we're left with the one and only Sedna in the system, which is orbiting in such an elongated elliptical path. Incredible! Right now Sedna is at the farthest point of its orbit from Antares. Let's see what's going on with it. So in the end, its average temperature is 204 degrees Celsius. And what will happen at the closest point to the star? And right now, Sedna is approaching the closest point to the star. And here, this particular celestial body has heated up so much that its average surface temperature is an astonishing 1,508 degrees Celsius. And just look at how incredibly close the star is to it here. Now for the second part of the experiment. I placed the star Antares in place of the sun. But this time, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto will be on circular orbits around this star. Let's see what temperature will be established on them. Everything is still in the black zone of this star. Well, in general, the main thing is to find out what the outcome will be. Plus, I'll also add some interesting moons to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. And we'll take a look at them too. But guys, there's one problem. If I speed up time, about one month passes per second. Pay close attention to Jupiter's orbit, because something is about to happen. There. It's as if it sucked some of the material from the star Antares and because of that, the orbits got messed up. Look at how the orbits look now. So basically, Jupiter really messed everything up here. If you open Antares' characteristics, it says its mass is now over 5 solar masses, but before it was 14. Well, now the mass truly seems to be coming back, like those particles that escaped are being completely reabsorbed and the mass is being fully restored and as you can clearly see, the orbit is also steadily returning to normal. It looks pretty interesting. Let me speed up time even more. And overall, the mass has completely recovered. As we can see, after this, Jupiter is simply going to crash into the star Antares and Saturn will almost graze it as well. And... Did you see what just happened? I don't know why the simulator works like this. Saturn just barely touched the star and it immediately just fell completely apart. So, guys, I am going to carefully remove Jupiter along with its primary main moons so that we can properly and clearly see what the temperature will be on the other planets. Well, some time has passed. I've already checked. The temperature on all the planets has stabilized and as you can see, the orbits are no longer disturbed and everything is fine. Let's start looking at the planets. We'll start with Saturn. Here, it's the closest to the star. And its average temperature is 1020 degrees Celsius. Now its moon Enceladus is also extremely hot. Its average temperature is 679 degrees. Titan looks like this. Also, it's extremely hot. The temperature is 1017 C. As we can see, there's no atmosphere. It has lost it. Uranus is almost unrecognizable. Here, it's become more greenish, you could say. And on this side, it gradually shifts more toward bright white and yellow shades. And on the dark side, everything is completely red. Its average temperature is an extremely hot 461 degrees Celsius. Here's its moon Miranda. Its average temperature is 453 degrees Celsius. And as we can see, it's also quite heated. The glowing rock is clearly visible on the dark side of the moon. And here is Titania. It's also quite hot, very much like this indeed. The average temperature is 466 degrees Celsius. And this is how this moon looks against the backdrop of the star Antares. Now Neptune. It has quite an interesting and unique appearance. If you look closely at the dark side, you can also clearly see these heated areas in the upper layers of the atmosphere. And they are even present at the poles. It even seems to have become whiter than it is in the solar system. And it's much brighter too, because the star Antares illuminates it very well. Its average temperature is 433 degrees Celsius, while its moon Triton has an average temperature of 172 degrees Celsius, which, by the way, is much colder. But Triton has completely lost its thin atmosphere, and is now left without any atmosphere at all. And this is how it looks now. Pluto is completely unrecognizable. Look at how it looks now. Incredible. You can also clearly see glowing areas on the dark side of the planet. And if you look at the star Antares, this is how huge it appears from Pluto's orbit. The average temperature on Pluto, as a result, is 389 degrees Celsius. Now, having descended to Pluto's surface, we can distinctly see the sunset of an enormous star in the vast sky of this dwarf planet. This is truly how it all looks. Just absolutely incredible. And the third and final experiment in this video, I'll put it at a distance of 250 astronomical units from the star. And at this distance, Earth will have optimal conditions. Trust me, I've checked. And it turns out that the simulator shows that here, Earth is almost at the edge of the habitable zone. But if you switch to the star, it shows that Earth is right on the border between the red and green zones. And if you select Earth again, this is how the simulator displays it. The habitable zone. So for a planet with certain conditions, there might even be its own unique habitable zone. So guys, let's start the simulation. One month passes, just a second. The temperature is rising now. Yes, it's going up. But trust me, it won't rise too much. After all, Earth will have a perfect orbit here. And in the end, guys, our average temperature settled at just over 16 degrees Celsius. Of course, there are places with temperatures as low as minus 140 degrees. But now I'll explain to you why the temperature is so low there. Here, our orbital period, that is, a year, on planet Earth in this scenario, is 1,122 Earth years. That's a very, very long year indeed. Because of this significant astronomical phenomenon, we ultimately end up with approximately 550 years of a cold season in certain parts of this particular planet, and just as many years of a warm season. In other words, the winter and summer seasons now last much, much longer on this planet than they typically do in our own familiar solar system. And so, this is precisely the kind of extreme temperature we have here, specifically in these frigid polar regions where starlight simply can't shine for about 550 long Earth years. On such a planet, the surface atmospheric pressure is 1.24 atmospheres. It's become a bit higher than before. And the overall probability of life is a little over 85%. Yes, it has dropped a little, but it's still not critically low. Now let's take a closer look at the surface. I'll hide the atmosphere in the clouds, and what immediately and quite clearly catches our eye is that we have additional land, indeed, near the coast of North America. If you look over here, it also seems like there's more land. And near China, there's more as well. But if you look here, in Australia, on the contrary. Some areas have been flooded, the south and central regions. In South America, everything seems fine, but overall, the changes are mostly closer to the poles. From what I can see, where the ice advanced and retreated, there were some changes. And this is how the Earth is illuminated by the star Antares. Giving it these more yellowish tones. And here's another view for you, of the star Antares and our planet Earth. So, that's the kind of experiment we ended up with today. The star Antares is just way too big for the solar system. If you truly enjoyed the video, please kindly give it a like and leave a thoughtful comment about what you specifically thought and any interesting ideas you had after watching. Thank you very much for watching, and we will see you again in the vast universe.