Medieval History of INDIA Series | Lec 6: Bahmani Kingdom | UPSC | GS History by Aadesh Singh

You all know that between 1350 and 1565 Two important kingdoms ruled in southern India. These were the Vijayanagar and Bahamanid kingdoms. With the Windhyaj, developed by In Kingdoms Ruled for almost 200 years. They not only have Magnificent Capitals and Cities to build but Arts and Literature to He also promoted. And also developed commerce and handicrafts. In the year 1350 in North India when the Delhi Sultanate There were many reasons for this. The period was going on, there in South India and Deccan People want to see a stable government. This stability was achieved in 1565 at the Battle of Bunnyhatty, Also known as the Battle of Talikota, in and Hue, Where Vijayanagar Empire ended. In this story today we will focus on the Bahmaniid Kingdom And know their political history and society About different contributions. The Kingdom of Bahmani Friends, you all know that in 1336 Vijayanagar Empire was set up Tung Bhadra River is in the area. As their power grew they came to Kalash from the power of North and his companions. In the south he had a rival, the Madurai Sultanate, and in the north he had a rival, the Bahmani Kingdom. In 1347 the Bahmani Kingdom came into existence. The founder of the kingdom was Alauddin Hassan, who was an Afghan adventurer. He grew up in the service of a Brahmin Ganghu. That's why it's also called Hasan Gangu. One thing to note is that the Mazhouri rulers of the Delhi Sultanate were Sunni Muslims, while the rulers of the Bahmani Kingdom were Shia Muslims. From this title the name of this kingdom is read Bahmani Kingdom. Hasan Gangu's death occurred in 1458. Friends, The battle between Bahmani Kingdom and Vijayanagar Empire is going on. Friends, There was a clash between Bahmani Kingdom and Vijayanagar Empire for three different areas. Tung Bhar Duab, Krishna Gudavari Delta and Marathwada Country. Between the two amps, Military Krishna was a regular feature. And as long as this empire was in existence, till then this Krishna continued to run. These clashes caused widespread destruction in these areas and loss of life and property was also constant. Both sides destroyed towns and villages and sold men, women and children into slavery. The defeat of the Vijayanagara Empire was due to the superior artillery and efficient cavalry of the Bhamani Sultan. During this war, a large number of men, women and children were massacred. Both sides signed a treaty in which it was agreed that the area of Duab would be shared by both kingdoms. And it also happened that cruelty in war would be avoided and unarmed people would not be killed. This accord could not be fully implemented, but this treaty in South India made warfare a little humane. In the end of the 14th century there was a struggle to capture many Hindu principalities of the East Coast. The most notable of these were the rulers of the Redis and Warangal. The Redis were ruling in the region above the Delta. In the time of the founder of the Bahmani Kingdom, Hasan Gangu, the rulers of Warangal had helped in the struggle against Delhi. Along with this, she had a special interest in natural sciences, such as botany, geometry, logic, etc. According to the historian, Feroz was not only proficient in Persian, Arabic and Turkish languages, but also in Telugu, Kannada and Marathi. But Feroz Shah's most remarkable step was to include Hindus in the administration in order to lure them. He also built an observatory near Daltabad. He paid special attention to the Chaol and Davol ports of Kunkan region, which were the principal ports of his kingdom. These ports were used by trading ships from Persian Gulf and the Red Sea and luxury goods from all over the world came here. Feroz Shah Bahmani started his expansion towards Birar. He defeated the Gond king Narasing Rai and Kherla and captured Birar. In return, Narasing Rai gave 40 elephants, 5 mounds of gold and 50 mounds of silver as gifts. He also married one of Rai's daughters. Friends, after learning about Feroz Bahmani, now we go back to Vijayanagar and Bahmani's Seakin Major Round and Conflict. The city of Vijaynagar Friends, Vijayanagar Empire's Dewar came to a standstill after a conflict in Dubai. Feroz Shah defeated Devaraj and married his daughter. In Dauri, Bankapur was given to the Sultan. But Krishna continued to struggle for domination of the Gudavari basin. In 1419 Firoz Shah Bamani was defeated by Devrai वन. This defeat ruined Feroz's position. And in the fever of his brother Ehmad Shah One from 1422 to 1436, he had to leave the kingdom. The famous Sufi Saint was the Ahmat Shah's association from Gasu Darag, which led to him being called Wali i.e. Saint. Gasu was the Tisaipal of the St. Nasiruddin Chiraq Dehalvi of the Chishti Order and his successor. Khermat Shah continued the struggle for the eastern part of South India. In 1424-1425 he invaded Warangal and annexed most of its territory. In 1432 he shifted his capital from Gulbarga to Bidar. After this he shifted his attention to Malwa, Gundwana and Kunkan. After the invasion of Warangal, the balance of power in South India changed. The great kind of grajuly expanded and Mahmood Gawan's Prime Minister ship reached the peak of its power and territorial limits. Come know about Mahmood Gawan because Mahmood Gawan's time is considered a high point for the bride. Mahmud Gawan Mahmud Bai Bartha was an Iranian and was originally a traitor. Bahamani ruler Muhammad III reigned from 1463 to 1482 in a raid Mahmud became Prime Minister or Peasants and soon became the Sultan's favourite. He was given the title of Malekou Tukur. For the next 20 years Mahmud dominated state affairs. By annexing in the east, he expanded the Bahamian kingdom. A deep raid in the Vijayanagara Empire in which the territories of Kanchi were reached The Bahamian army demonstrated its strength. But Mahmoud's greatest military contribution was in the West. Where the western coastal areas were overrun including Dabhol and Goa. The loss of these important ports was a big blow to the Vijayanagara Empire. After its capture, the Bahamian kingdom expanded its foreign trade with Iran, Iraq, etc. Not only this, internal trade and manufacturing also grew. Now we look at the rest of the regions. From the time of Ahmed Shah I, the Malwa kingdom and the Bahamani kingdom were taken over by Gondwana, Berar and Konkan. The fight was going on. Malwa kingdom was under rule of Thalji. With the help of the rulers of Gujarat Berar came into the Bahamani kingdom and Kherla of Gondwana came into the Malwa. Along with external conquests, Mahmud Gawan also carried out internal reforms. Let's take a look at them too. Mahmud divided the kingdom into 8 provinces i.e. varars. Every side was ruled by a side-guard. The salary and obligations of every noble were fixed. To maintain 500 horses, each nobleman was either given a salary or land which was called jagir. They were allowed to collect land revenue from the land. The land of Khalisa was kept separate for the Sultan's expenses. Mehmood was a great patron of the arts. In Bidar he built a magnificent madrasah i.e. college. This fine building used colored tiles which was a Persian influence and a new element in the evolution of Indo Persian architecture. Here teachers and students were given free food and clothes. The biggest problem facing the Bahmani kingdom was strife among the nobles. There were two kinds of nobles. One who were Deccan for a long time i.e. native Muslim converts. And others who were foreigners especially from Persia who were called Afakies or Ghibels. Mehmood tried to make a reconciliation but failed. His opponents manipulated the Sultan and had Mehmood executed on 5th April 1481. With this, the end of the Bahamian kingdom came with Mehmood Gawan. After this for some years court intrigues between the Afaki and Deccani continued and the kingdom continued to weaken. Kalimula became the last prince of Bahmani and removed him and his vizier Amil and Barid laid the foundation of the Barid royal dynasty in Bidar. Now come to conclusion Conclusion So friends in this story we have known about the famous Bahamani kingdom of South India And it also saw that throughout his rule he was constantly in conflict with the Vijayanagar Empire. One thing is clear from these conflicts in South India that the pattern of struggle in South India was not based on religious lines. Political and strategic considerations and control over trade and commerce were the main reasons for the conflict. Secondly, the struggles of North India and South India were not completely isolated. As we have seen, Malwa and Gujarat have also had to be involved in the conflicts in Deccan. After Mahmud Gawan's death, party strife became even more intense. Many governors became independent. Soon the Bahamian kingdom was divided into five principalities. Golconda, Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Berar and Bidar. Among these, Ahmednagar, Berar and Golconda played a leading role in Deccan politics. Until they were absorbed into the Mughal Empire in the 17th century. The Bahamian kingdom served as a cultural bridge between North and South India. This led to a unique culture. These cultural traditions were continued by successor states. And also influenced the development of Mughal culture.