NOAA - Climate Mayors MOU Signing Event

Thank you all for joining us for this exciting opportunity to celebrate the MOU between NOAA and the Climate Mayors. I am Caitlin Muldon, the Director of the Office of Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Dr. Spinrad, our NOAA Administrator, will be running today's program along with Kate Wright, the Executive Director of Climate Mayors. A few quick logistics first before I turn the program over to Dr. Spinrad to get started. All attendees have been muted. Please note we are recording this meeting so we can share this with members who are unable to participate today. This call is open to press and press have been invited to join the call. The event is expected to run for about 45 minutes. Lastly, we will have brief opening remarks, the MOU signing, a tool and resources showcase, and then an opportunity for questions and discussion. We would love to hear from you during the Q&A. If you have questions during the Q&A, please raise your virtual hand. Use the raise hand icon at the bottom of your screen. And if you raise your hand during the Q&A section, someone from our team will unmute you so you can ask your question. Now I will turn it over to Dr. Spinrad. Please welcome me in joining our NOAA Administrator. Thank you, Caitlin. Good afternoon to everyone. While I can't see you all, I will say I'm delighted that we've been able to set this up and have you all join us for this event. I do want to take a minute and just introduce some of my team who've worked hard to make this happen. Shelby Service from the Climate Ready Nation staff, Amanda McCarty, who is the head of our Climate Ready Nation initiative, Adee Hanin, who's a Program Coordination Officer, Lori Arguelles, who's our Director of Communications, Marissa Alegres, the Communications Advisor. You've just met Caitlin Montan, our Director of Ledge Affairs, and Annie Daly from Ledge Affairs as well. So I want to thank Mayor Bibb and all of the mayors who are in the virtual room with us. This has actually taken about a year, and in fact, Mayor Rhodes-Conway, I know you're on, and you may recall it was about a year ago we met with the Deputy Secretary, and I couldn't be more happy with regard to how far we've come in the year since we first had that meeting. It is a celebration today. We'll be able to celebrate the signing of the agreement. We're going to formalize that memorandum, and of course the memorandum is worth what we choose to do with it. And so what we're going to try to do here today is obviously the formality of signing the agreement, but also talk a little bit about what we can do once we have this agreement underway. We all care about the issues of climate resilience, and that's really at the heart of what we're trying to do in this agreement. And I would say even before we sign the agreement, I, on behalf of NOAA, have been trying to bring many others into the fold. My intent is to use my own normal business as I travel across the country, visit sites where we're making investments in the bipartisan infrastructure law, the Inflation Reduction Act, and use this as an opportunity to talk with new partners about how we can work, especially with mayors. Just a couple of weeks ago, for example, we were dedicating a new national sanctuary up in Oswego, New York, and I had the opportunity to talk with the mayor. Oswego is not a very big town. It's only about 18,000 people, as I recall. But in conversation with the mayor, I brought up some of the ways that we're trying to work with all of you, and how to dovetail federal solutions to meet local problems. If you will, the bad news was that the mayor of Oswego was not familiar with climate mayors. And so I think one of the things I want to try to do is help get the word out about what climate mayors is doing. The good news is that he was extremely interested in getting involved. So part of the reasons I'm excited about codifying this agreement is it allows me, if you will, to proselytize a little bit on behalf of the climate mayors and talk about the value of climate mayors as a connective tissue between federal programs and local solutions. I've made a point as I travel around the country to try to strengthen some of the relationships with local leaders who do obviously have an ear to the ground, and try to identify what's working in terms of federal engagement, and also, quite honestly, what's not or what could be improved. About a month ago, I had a terrific meeting with several of the mayors in the Portland, Oregon area, including the mayors for Tiger, Tualatin, Vancouver, Mosier, and staff from the Portland mayor's office. And Mayor Lube, I believe you've joined us from Tigard. I am delighted that you've been able to join. And I know you're going to join us in terms of monitoring some Q&A. So it'll be good to see you again. It's great to have you here with us today. We have acted to build that connective tissue. It's something we try to do across all levels of government, and also to involve our private sector partners. You can't see my lapel pin very clearly, but if you could, you would see it says NOAA, and it says Department of Commerce. We are a bureau within the Department of Commerce, and I take very seriously our role associated with economic development as well. And we firmly believe we can engage in environmental stewardship and bolster economic development. Working together in this mode of connective tissue is really critical because even though the impacts of some of the climate challenges that we're dealing with may look a little different in each community, effectively, we're all fighting the same battles. For example, as temperatures continue to rise across the country, we're seeing a lot of extreme events. We just did a White House meeting last week on extreme heat impacts, extreme heat and health, in fact, in all areas of the country. And already in 2024, as of last week, there have been 20 weather and climate disasters, each with losses over a billion dollars, compared to, say, four decades ago. At this time, we would have seen only six in any particular year. August of this year was the Earth's 15th consecutive month of record heat. Think about that. Phoenix, for example, has experienced triple digit heat for 109 straight days. Throughout this record hot summer, NOAA was in high gear working with local leaders like all of you to deliver the kind of products and services and tools that communities need to face these perils, these impacts. Between our urban heat campaigns and the announcement of our new centers for heat resilience communities and collaborative heat monitoring, we're really scaling up our support to help communities deal with some of these extreme heat events. In fact, just last week, we released a $200,000 IRA-supported funding project to help communities prepare for extreme heat with simulated emergency drills we call heat tabletop exercises. We talk about a climate-ready nation at NOAA. It's one of the pillars of our strategy. We cannot have a climate-ready nation without having climate-ready communities, and mayors are mission critical to our work to shore up a climate-ready nation. I will share with you my bias. I really like working with mayors across the board because you are in it to make a difference. You are part of the local communities. Every mayor, regardless of political alignment, is clearly focused primarily on what's good for their community. The climate mayors represent 48 states and over 70 million Americans. We've been able to move the needle because of your partnership, and I want you to know that NOAA will continue to work with you, and to the extent we can, we'll have your back. I also want to continue to do what I can to grow the network with climate mayors, and that's another part of the reason why I'm excited about signing on, bring stories back to D.C. from on-the-ground stakeholders who are asking for more resilience funding investments. This is what I call the back pressure. It's one thing for us to say we need, as a federal agency, we need to make these investments. It's another thing to be able to demonstrate and substantiate the demand signal, if you will, for this kind of work. I'm hoping that we can count on you for advocacy for NOAA's resources, like our climate.gov website, where you can find useful tools. A little later in today's session, I'll have an opportunity to briefly give you some sense of what those tools look like, things like the climate mapping for resilience and adaptation tool. And you'll get a chance of how you can use this website for access to all of the federal government's resources in this space. This stuff can get pretty geeky pretty quickly, and I've been accused of being a pointy-headed scientist. I take that as a badge of honor, in fact, in talking about how we're taking the best science and translating it in tools that you can use, and also demonstrating to you that we can help provide the technical assistance. So whether it's forecasting or fisheries or one of our many 122 weather forecast offices, we are in your backyard. So it's more than just our presence here in Washington. In fact, two-thirds of our workforce is distributed throughout the rest of the country. Mayors are special. You're special because you're embedded in the communities, deeply connected to what's needed on the ground. You are a good neighbor turned changemaker. As we look towards our work ahead, we have two complementary goals associated with this agreement. One is to reach new milestones of resilience through the kinds of investments that we have made and will make, and through innovation, and by taking action. And then the second is to find progress by being loud about what we're trying to do and who we're trying to meet, and talk about the solutions that are needed and the ones that are already on the ground. So there's a bit of, if you will, marketing or letting people know that these tools are out there and we have the capability as a federal agency working with local communities to make change. The MOU we're going to sign today really symbolizes that collective agreement to both minimize contributions to climate change and also mitigate its impact on our cities. It's also, I would point out, a perfect way to kick off Climate Week, some of the programming going on next week. I do really, I'll be there for most of the week. I do hope I get a chance to meet some of you as you represent your cities and communities' interests. And with that, let me turn it back over to you, Kate. Thank you, Administrator Spinrod, and thank you to the entire team over at NOAA. We've really enjoyed working with you today and are excited to take these steps to advance that partnership and deepen the partnership. It's an honor to be here on behalf of Climate Mayors and our entire coalition in our efforts to advance local leadership and prepare and respond to the impacts of climate change. We're really excited about this collaboration. Your expertise and tools are invaluable to our efforts and to our members across the nation. The signing of this MOU between Climate Mayors and NOAA reflects the power of leadership at all levels of government coming together to solve one of the most urgent challenges of our time. As mayors, we see the impacts of climate change every day, extreme weather, rising sea level, wildfires, droughts, heat waves, all threatening our infrastructure, our public health, and our cities. This MOU provides our members increased visibility to NOAA's critical climate data, advanced weather forecasting, and world-class scientific research, empowering us to make data-driven decisions that will protect our communities. It establishes a formal framework for collaboration on climate adaptation, mitigation, preparedness, and response, allowing us to act quickly and effectively as the impacts of climate change continue to unfold. This MOU emphasizes environmental justice and equity, ensuring that all communities, especially those historically underserved or disproportionately impacted, benefit from our collaborative work. Our focus will be on ensuring that frontline communities and vulnerable populations are not left behind as we invest in climate resilience. This agreement will provide opportunities for mayors to access important data and insights that will inform local decision-making and offer mayors the chance to provide feedback on best practices and lessons learned and contribute to the body of knowledge that will inform federal policy. As the Administrator said, we have enjoyed the opportunity to do some of this work already with our meetings that we've had in D.C. along with U.S. Conference of Mayors and are excited to really build on some of those initial conversations. And we will be at Climate Week as well, so hopefully we'll have a chance to connect out there. At the core of the agreement, we're hoping to leverage NOAA's climate science and our members' on-the-ground leadership to drive meaningful change in cities nationwide. Together, we can enhance the effectiveness of climate action plans and boost the resilience of our communities. On behalf of climate mayors, I'm excited for the transformative work this partnership will bring and the positive impact it will have on cities across the nation, and I'm very grateful for our federal partners at NOAA and the multiple other agencies that we've had the pleasure of working with. Today is just the beginning of our enhanced partnership, and we're excited to continue learning more about the many opportunities that NOAA can offer to further strengthen our city's climate resilience and preparedness. So thank you very much, and we're looking forward to launching into this new phase of our partnership. And I believe we have a video that will be cued up from our Chair, Mayor Bibb of Cleveland. Hey everyone, this is Mayor Justin Bibb, Chair of Climate Mayors. While I'm unable to join you virtually today, I want to just take a moment to highlight the significance of this time. We are embarking on a new chapter of collective action in the fight against climate change. The signing of today's MLU between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Climate Mayors marks an important step forward in our shared mission to build climate resilient communities. This agreement deepens the collaboration between local leaders, climate mayors, and federal agencies like NOAA, strengthening our ability to tackle the climate crisis with the best data and resources available. I had the privilege of meeting Administrator Dr. Spinrad earlier this year to explore how we can better share essential climate data with mayors across the country, and I want to extend my gratitude to him and his team for their continued leadership and partnership. Through this collaboration, we're uniting local leadership with national climate science to create a strong partnership aimed at improving the resilience of our cities and towns. Together, we envision a more climate-ready nation, one where our communities can thrive, our health and security are safeguarded, and our economic growth is sustained by collective action to reduce the impacts of climate change. Now, a key part of this MLU is its focus on environmental justice and equity, ensuring that our most vulnerable communities have the resources they need to adapt and thrive in the face of climate challenges. As mayors, we remain committed to making our cities more resilient, and this partnership gives us the tools, expertise, and collaboration we need to meet that goal. Now, I'm excited about what lies ahead, and I look forward to continuing our work together to meet the needs of our communities. Thank you, and I hope to see you soon. Okay, and I think now we are actually signing, and you can see my whole team here. You can watch me sign as Kate signs too. Kate, you ready to sign? I'm ready to sign. All right. There we go. Done. Great. All right. Thanks, Kate. Thank you for your partnership. So, I think the next step is I was going to take some time and run through a little bit of a demo, and then we're going to open it up for Q&A. Obviously, I'm still a student driver on this camera here. Apologies for that. We'll be able to focus in a little bit, but mostly we're going to pull up on the screen some slides to give you some screenshots of some of the products and services. So, let's go ahead and do that, and I'll jump right in. Looks like we're good to go. Okay. So, as a result of now having this MOU, we thought we would talk about some of the resources that we've got at NOAA, and when I say we in this case, a lot of times it's NOAA, a lot of times it's the full federal government. The point is you really shouldn't care where you're getting these products from, but that you can go to the sites, the portals, and get what you need to support the kind of climate resilience work that you're all doing in your communities. We're concerned about having climate products that are more targeted and tailored for your needs, and that's really what builds our vision that we call the Climate Ready Nation. The data that we use to put into these products really need to be specific and actionable. Geography matters, and we're interested in leveraging a bunch of tools for local insight. So, given that the frequency and magnitude of many of these disasters is growing, this is an even more urgent need right now. And so, this is just a quick montage of some of the kinds of examples of how NOAA's tools can be used to respond to some of what we've seen in the last few months. Let's get a little bit more specific and go to the next slide. This is a heat.gov screenshot. So, if you remember nothing else, just remember heat.gov. This past summer, we saw record heat, like I said, across the country. We have tools at NOAA to help local leaders make decisions about how to protect their communities during extreme heat. We are a premier source of heat and health information for the nation to reduce the health, economic, and infrastructural impacts of extreme heat. We have something we call the National Integrated Heat Health Information System, or NHIS, as we call it, which involves federal partners, including 12 federal agencies. But that includes groups like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and their heat and health trackers. So, when you go to a site like heat.gov, you're going to be able to get both historical information as well as local information to prepare for and respond to extreme heat events. What do we think the predictions and projections for the next seven-day period might look like in your area? And what do we think are the impacts going to be to vulnerable communities? Part of that also is the heat risk tool, and this was unveiled on Earth Day this year in partnership with CDC. Using the heat risk website, which you can find on heat.gov, you can get that seven-day heat risk forecast, which can help guide decision making around warnings and how to deploy resources to provide relief for communities experiencing extreme heat. Let me go a little bit deeper on this and point out, we're the environmental folks. We're the weather geeks. We're the ones who are really good at saying over the next five to seven days we're going to see extreme heat or there. We're not the ones who are going to say this form of heat, humidity, temperature, winds, is most impactful on children or vulnerable aging populations. That's why we've partnered with CDC. So in combination, the health expertise of CDC, the environmental expertise we bring to the table gives you a heat risk tool. Let's go to another example. In this case, it's drought.gov. Drought, of course, is a persistent issue, and this slide will come up. There we go. And so we have a drought portal, and guess what? That's drought.gov. These are really easy to remember and easy to access. And this is the U.S. government's authoritative source for drought information. It also provides one-stop shop with data, decisions, support products, resources, information on drought from how we monitor drought to how we predict it, to how to plan and be prepared for it. We have a similar information system, the NOAA National Integrated Drought Information System, or NIDIS, which, again, coordinates interagency partnerships, leverages federal, tribal, state, local government data, and decision support products. So please take a look at drought.gov as well for similar sorts of bits of information, technical advice, as well as forecasts and projections. I next want to talk about an additional tool we call the Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation Tool, or CAMRA. This is a hub that provides real-time maps at the level of a census tract. So that gives you a sense of the specific resolution, and it talks about all climate-related hazards, such as flooding, heat, drought, wildfire. It does a couple of other things, and, in fact, it's a little hard to see on the screen, but what it tells you is, under different scenarios, what might your local community be subjected to in the future, decades out, in terms of heat, in terms of flooding potential and drought potential. Obviously critical for some of the kinds of decisions you all are making with respect to infrastructure. But it's also a site where you can find federal funding opportunities. So if you're curious as to whether there's a grant program, like the FEMA BRIC program, or other kinds of opportunities to pay for climate resilience projects, including those that are supported by the bipartisan infrastructure law and the Inflation Reduction Act. If we move to the coasts, one of the key issues with coasts, obviously, is sea level rise, inundation, and this digital coast product addresses some of the challenges we've in parts of the country that are dealing with hurricane flooding, storm surge. You know, our first hurricane of the 2024 Atlantic season, Hurricane Beryl, in July, impacted so many of the Gulf Coast and Caribbean communities, and leaders who were concerned about things like storm surge and flooding, impacting your residents' ability to do things like get to work, keep the schools open or not, keep the airport operating. The digital coast website can really be helpful to identify areas where there's frequent coastal flooding and sea level rise inundation. I know in the Bay Area and San Francisco, for example, using digital coast has turned out to be enormously valuable for some of the main freeway closures, getting prepared for them, getting in front of the challenges that they would see when there's storms coming in. And as you can see here, you've got a capability, it's dynamic, you can use a slider to view simulations of sea level rise in a particular location. I want to take a minute, yeah, let's go to that next slide, please, because it's one thing to say, okay, go to the website, you can get what you want, but we are also responsive and sensitive to the issue of a lot of times it's about being able to reach out to subject matter experts. And we have an extensive footprint throughout the country. We are in your state. In many cases, we are in your city. This map shows the size of our footprint. Obviously, there are some areas, the D.C. area, Denver, sorry, Boulder, Colorado, Seattle, where we have larger numbers of people, but we've got NOAA staff across the country who are there to help with technical assistance. And these are people who may be in anything from a fishery science center or laboratory or a cooperative institute at a university or one of our 122 weather forecasts offices as well. We also have organized our agency around a regional collaboration network. And that's what you see here. We've broken up the country into these regions. We have eight teams led by senior staff in the region. These are people who very likely know some of your staff, certainly know most of the gubernatorial staffs throughout the states. It's a network of more than 500 professionals that really enhance our capacity at NOAA to serve the needs of local communities. And the regional collaboration network addresses regional challenges by connecting people and resources within the region and with headquarters in ways that are really pretty rich with regional insight. It's our way of understanding what the nuances and particular needs of the region are. You can get more information. There's a QR code in the upper right. You can also go to the NOAA website to get more information there. The next slide actually gives you specific information along with that QR code to contact the lead staff member. I would suggest you take a look at that, maybe photograph it, certainly get that information off the QR code. Absolutely feel free to reach out to that contact. These are folks whose job is mostly about being contactable and contacting local leaders, local government offices. We just launched a website with all the resources that would be needed for reaching out by local decision makers. The QR code on the slide is going to link you to that particular website. And I think that gets us to the last slide. Or is that the last slide? That is the last slide. Okay. Yeah. Thank you. Again, thanks for taking some time to listen. Wanted to give you a real quick tour of the kind of products we've got, where to find them, who to talk to. So it's the who, what, where, when, and why. And it's not just, hey, go here and get the information. We also are curious to hear what your needs are. We have to prioritize our development of new products and services. And the best way for us to do that is if we know that particular areas, particular communities are in need of a different kind of product. So with that, I'm going to stop. And I think we'll get into the Q&A session. Yeah. Hi, Dr. Spinrad. It's so nice to see you again. Thank you for having me today. I just- Thanks for joining us. Yeah. I'm excited to be here on this historic day for the MOU signing. And I just, I really want to thank you for meeting with us in Portland a month ago. You specifically met with us climate mayors and you showed us a lot of those tools, but it really shows the commitment you have to working with mayors and strengthening our partnership. And the most important exchange of information was you did, you asked us, what's working for us as mayors? What do we need help with? And that partnership is really key if your city is maybe a little smaller like mine and doesn't have the money to have our own dedicated staff for this. So thank you so much. We'd love to do a Q&A right now. If you have a question for Dr. Spinrad, please go ahead and raise your hand and we'll call on you and unmute you. And we'd love to hear what you have to say. Kicking us off though, I'd love to ask you, Dr. Spinrad, what do you really hope to get out of this MOU relationship? Yeah. Thanks mayor. And it's some of the things I alluded to. It's a, I would say a substantive dialogue. So first of all, right now, if we want to have the discussions with mayors around the country, we go through a lot of effort, find out what the connections are. By having the MOU, you've got to kind of, if you will, short circuited the ability to have that dialogue. And similarly for the mayors, you now have a vehicle for having that dialogue. You think of it as having each other on speed dial. So that's part of what we want to get out of this. Another thing we want to get out of this is a balance. We think we have a pretty good idea of what's needed around the country in terms of the sorts of products that I alluded to, but that validation at the local level in a very credible manner. It's hard for us, for example, to try to balance the needs of a community because there are many different needs in a community. It's a lot easier to turn to the leadership, the mayors and say, okay, we're hearing from different segments of your community. What's your take? You've got your pulse on your constituency, your community. Is it really about improving heat projections, or is it more about getting more accurate information about precipitation? So it's really a way of fine tuning our ability to deliver products and services. It's also, I think, a way of building some of that demand signal. With the IRA money, we had one program called Climate Resilience Regional Challenge, and we have $575 million available for supporting communities to do resilience-type work. We got $16 billion, billion with a B, dollars worth of proposals. So our ability to calibrate on that 30-to-1 proposal or that 30-to-1 demand signal depends on being able to have a mechanism in place where we can call up Kate and say, hey, Kate, we need to have a discussion with a group of mayors about priorities for investment. And so all of those things are what we expect to get out of the program. No, I think that's wonderful. And it's such a great partnership with all the tools. And I think especially knowing that there are so many dollars or so many needs out there and not as many dollars really speaks to why a partnership like this is important, so we can get the best bang for our buck. Please remember, if you have a question, go ahead and raise your hand. We'd love to chat with you. I also have another question. How does NOAA normally engage with local communities like mine or maybe like other mayors on this call outside of MOUs? Yeah, it varies a lot. I would say we've got a lot of good relationships with the regional coordinators that I alluded to on one of the slides. A lot of times are almost daily interacting with mayors in their regions. And so it may be on a project basis. It's not unusual for cities to come together with states or territories and say, we're collectively interested in doing something. We'd like to put a program, a match program together, and we'll work to try to get them connected. Bear in mind that we have a very active Sea Grant program for the 35 coastal states around the nation. And that's been a way of reaching to cities as well. We work closely with state climatologists, with the associations of state climatologists. The larger cities have, a lot of them have resilience officers and resilience offices. In fact, my assistant secretary, Janie Bhavishi, came from New York's office. And so that's another way that we do it. But there's a whole range of connections. And yeah, and then there's the sort of classic responding to proposal requests. So cities may put particular projects together in response to a federal opportunity announcement. No, that's a really great way. What do you see as the most pressing issue for NOAA when it comes to the climate? A part of it is what I alluded to, the demand signal. When you get 30 times proposal pressure for, I mean, let's be crass and assume only half of those proposals were meritorious. And I know it's a lot higher than that. That's still a 15 times proposal pressure. So that for us is one of the toughest problems. The other one is we are a science-based organization. Science is hard and science is expensive. And so the ability to collect the data, the environmental data, we operate 18 satellites. We have ships, we have aircraft, and we're not a very big federal agency. Our total appropriation is just short of $7 billion. So for us, trying to make sure we can still fly our airplanes, run our ships, and at the same time, collect all the important data to produce these products is a bit of a balancing act when it comes to budget times. We cost every American or every American citizen $0.06 per day. That's a pretty good deal to get all your weather forecasts, navigational charge, climate predictions and projections, all of the things we're talking about. So a lot of it is just making sure we got the priorities right. Oh, by the way, we have over 600 facilities around the country, too. And as you as mayors know, deferred maintenance is always a tough problem. So sorry to lay that all out, all of my problems on the table there, but it's all of those things that make it hard, because we will not compromise on the quality of the products that we put out. As soon as our products do not suffer the test of scientific integrity and don't have the clear utility, we lose all credibility. We might as well pack up and go home. So ensuring the scientific integrity, the credibility, the accuracy, and all of the things that go into that is probably the toughest problem for us. Well, I can't get past $0.06 a day. I mean, that feels like such a deal for even just checking your weather app and seeing what's going on. But after the meeting with you, I poked around the climate mapping for resilience and adaptation, and it was just fascinating to see the information available that I don't think my city knew that we could have that granularly. So one of the most important things is just letting mayors know that these tools are out there. And now that I know it's $0.06 a day, I'm going to be using that with my community members to let them know what a deal that they're getting. Thank you. Yeah, we're sort of in a potential transition time, and we're signing this really important MOU. So how does an MOU work when we have a transition in administration? How are we going to make sure there's continuity regardless of who's going on? Yeah, that's a great question. Thank you for that. And the beauty of the MOU is it's there. I've signed it not as an appointee of President Biden. I've signed it as the NOAA administrator. Regardless of who is sitting in this chair in the next administration, this MOU is an agreement between our respective organizations. Now, it probably varies from administration to administration in terms of how they may choose to use it. But if there's any question that in a change of administration, this thing becomes invalid and has to be re-upped, no, absolutely not. This thing has an anniversary. I think we've been five years in this one. So this is a five-year MOU, which is pretty cool when you think about it because it actually will cover effectively three administrations, right? And so it's there for the duration. And we will have the opportunity to re-up it in five years too based on how it works. We're going to learn some lessons about how to work differently or better. We can build annexes on it as we choose for specific projects. If there's things that we think we want to add on, we can do that. But rest assured, no matter what happens in this upcoming election, this MOU is solid. Well, that's really great to hear. And I'm excited to see all the things that we can do in partnership over the next five years. Thank you for the Q&A portion. We really appreciate you answering our questions and everything that this MOU has and everything we can accomplish. Thank you. I look forward to working with you and all the rest of the mayors. And I will continue to ask mayors as I go around whether they are climate mayors or not.