Lecture 20 : Sustainability and Green Supply Chain (Part-2)

[Music] good afternoon everyone uh welcome to the yet another lecture of the course titled carbon accounting and sustainable designs for product life cycle management I am Dr DEA phip I am from I kpur and this course is offered as part of the NP MS uh from I kpur and along with me Dr amand Singh oboy and Dr PR pradap Singh are C teaching this course today we are going to get into this uh we are already discussed what he call as the supply chain and the sustainability aspect of it and we have already seen the supply chain system Viewpoint so today we will now see the green supply chain SCM stands for Supply Chain management okay so in the green Supply Chain management what it includes is okay the main things that includes is reduction of energy usage so first thing we would like to do is reduce the energy use okay uh explore renewable alternates alternatives then cutting down uh of water volumes or reducing the usage of water water okay and then uh minimizing contamination contamination of water contamination of environment okay so then reducing or sequestering ghgs greenhouse gases then recycling then packaging material reduction reductions and also reverse Logistics so these aspects where we are trying to reduce the energy okay uh energy usage we are trying to reduce it then we are also trying to explore renewable alternat atives of energy okay so we are trying to focus renewable Alternatives of energy is like sunlight or wind energy or Etc cutting down of water volumes okay so reduce water usage minimizing contamination of of water and environment okay and reducing and sequest string of ghgs ghg stand for greenhouse gases we said CO2 CH4 uh and nitrous oxide Etc okay Recycling and we already seen what is Recycling and packaging material reductions packaging materials like styropor uh then uh thermocol Etc we are trying to reduce it and maybe replace it with a new materials or environmentally friendly materials and reverse Logistics and we will see what is reverse Logistics in a minute and that's also A New Concept that is part of our discussion okay fine so let us look at the green SC in a um in a holistic Viewpoint so the um the as we decide Drew earlier extract is the first step then transform procure sorry make because byy is part of procure make deliver use okay and so these are the major steps we can talk about okay and in all these cases we have resources okay and the resources keep on going to every step like this okay and one of the uh and also other thing is along with this this is waste and each process will produce waste or each step will process or produce a waste so the one aspect of the resource is reduce okay as one R of the reduce uh and then there is you know uh the in the waist we can think about it as eliminate eliminate waste that's one other aspect and then in between there is another approach that actually happens which we will draw here okay we call it as recover that is after the use okay we recover things and then that recover actually goes into what we call as reuse okay and sometimes it is renew okay okay so this portion reuse okay which some part will go into the waste but otherwise this see this portion where the used put is called the reverse Logistics so a product that has actually become that has achieved uh what do you call as the uh achieved or reached its life end of life okay that time if you take that and recover what is Ed full out of it and whatever is remaining you throw it into the waste and whatever thing can be taken out and can be added to the resources you resources if you do that then the you do the Reduce Reuse uh recover um and uh so that way you will end up and recycle you will actually end up doing the or achieve the greenm as part of this okay so if you look into the whole system this is the one way of looking into the green supply chain as part of the topic now let us Define reverse Logistics because we just drew it in systematically and we are going to Define this term this reverse Logistics is what we are going to Define okay so for this course we can do it as the process of planning implementing and controlling the efficient and cost effective the efficient cost effective flow of raw materials raw materials in process inventory finished goods and related information and related information uh from the point of consumption from the point of consumption to the point of origin origin to recapture recapture or create value or proper disposal so the definition says the process of planning implementing controlling the efficient cost effective flow of raw materials in process inventory finished goods and related information raw materials in process inventory finished goods and related information from the point of consumption that is a critical aspect the point of consumption so if you think about it it is inputs our transformation outputs and you have the customer so this is the point of consumption okay and to the point of origin the point of origin is can think let's call this as the environment this is the point of origin okay so the flow is from point of consumption to point of origin okay this is where the reverse Logistics comes into picture so if you go back in the previous diagram that we did we talking about this is the point of consumption okay and this is the point of origin so the efficient use the efficient the efficient uh cost effective flow of raw materials in process inventory finished goods and related information from consumption to the point origin and why do we need to do that to recapture okay or what we say here is reuse okay recapture or reuse or create value create value by uh not reproducing it again or proper disposal if it is not necessary then it goes into proper disposal as part of the waste so this will be your proper disposal okay and uh the other one is uh recapture okay so this one is the recapture okay which is going into the resources so you don't have to re make the resources again okay so the let's now also talk about the stakeholders of the green supply chain okay and this is uh critical because uh we because depending on the stakeholders things actually change so bear with me until I draw this diagram once again so we have the first step as extraction extract The Next Step was transform and form the third step happens to be procure then comes make okay then deliver procure make deliver you have use okay and as I said as part of this is the reverse Logistics okay that's the recover okay uh we'll draw it only this much okay so the one here one option here is the we will call it as the okay let's call this as the okay so let's this is the government and government means what regulations okay so government puts in regulations and then there is also something like let's call this as the the easiest way to do this is okay let's call this as the this is like your mining things from the earth so natural resources okay availability ability and operations okay so these two okay they put in the extraction transformation and procurement in that area we draw a circle or an ellipse okay and this ellipse we call it as the um let's call it as constraints so the operations and availability of the natural resources and the government regulations what they typically do is they add constraints to the system okay and similarly in the other side is you have okay so you let's call this as the society okay and Society is the uh so they have what you call as expect ations and reput so reputation and expectation so the society has a reputation like for example the Japanese Society is very much you can see that they even go to the after the football games they clean up all the mess behind them and you have also the okay um okay let's call this as the customers okay the customers of they focus on the market and financials okay they are worried about the market and the financials so they these two okay do something close to this they make another bubble okay which is associated with the deliver and the recover okay this bubble is actually called as the behavior bubble okay so they influence the deliver use and recover aspect of it okay now the um these two people the government and the society okay they form uh let me put a different color here uh it might be easy to use purple okay these two form this bubble is called as the non-market bubble there is not a it's not a market bubble okay it's a non-market bubble okay the society and the government all right whereas the the other one the the natural resources and the other one this is called as the the market bubble so the this the the constraints and the um so if I draw it in a uh fashion the I'm just using the green color the this the market the the natural resources and the uh constraint the government regulations they will cause a strain in this area okay they will push the bubble right there and same way the government and the the nonm market and the constraints okay it will also have its push right here in this area same way the society and the behavior the the non-market and the behavior will have a uh push okay it will have a push right here and this place also you L push right here okay so the behavior and Market okay so the the behavior and this will be the behavior Market okay this is the behavior Plus Market push this will be the behavior plus nonmarket push okay this will be the uh this one will be the uh the constraints plus non-market push whereas this will be the uh Market plus uh constraints push okay so these uh four type of pushes will also act at the green supply chain so sometimes the government will come up with the regulations but the market May oppose it in a different fashion okay so this existing system uh this kind of an overall or system that we just talk about green supply chain opposing forces or different type of aspects would actually create different type of uh pushes or uh forces in the market Market which actually would Market or the society nonmarket which actually would influence the behavior of the system okay fine so now let us talk about the new topic called the embid embroided versus operational carbon okay and what it is and let us talk about that so every activity that we talk about in the chain will end up producing CO2 when is saying this is CO2 means this is CO2 e carbon dioxide e equalent okay that's what we are talking here so here the first one that we talk about the the polan or the earth mover excavator mode that you hear is this is extract raw materials okay and then this one you can talk it does transport to factory okay this is the manufacturing process it is not the transformation it's a transformation process but manufacturing because you probably won't have um uh Factory for a Services industry okay so like these things you can think about as the transformation the raw materials and other kind of things as part of it okay so then this you can see it as transport to site okay maybe think about as a cement factory uh here you have raw materials you have uh let's uh think about the raw materials here as co uh or call uh Limestone Etc okay then here is the cement making and the premix is being transported to the site and here we are talking about con construct the building okay so it's like a premix let's think about this way and construct the building we are building this okay and then once the building is ready then what we do is we operate the building so all these things okay this is the embodied car Bon embodied carbon okay this is embodied into the the process okay until the building is built this much of carbon will be emitted as part of all the things put together right and this is known as the operational carbon okay so if you want to find out the carbon footprint of a building most of the time people focus on the operational carbon not on the embodied carbon because embodied carbon is the carbon that is part of the uh process or such how much is this okay so if I use okay if I put it on an XY axis okay and I have two things that is one is the embodied and the other one is the op operational okay and this is the if I call it as the if I have different things like this here uh I would have something like okay and the this one will be the operation will be slightly more so this will be approximately 49% and this will be 51 percentage so they are almost similar in this case Okay the embodied and the operational in the lifetime or the life cycle of a building okay if you assume this as for the life cycle of the building yeah for the life cycle of the building the the carbon emissions okay for the uh um and embodied and operations are almost the same remember we have already discussed this in the class also when with with the help of Automotive because we said that the uh the carbon footprint that is required to manufacture the automotive which is that embodied carbon is equivalent to that of the same as that of the emissions through its lifetime from the P tail pipe so similar thing okay now let us talk about the construction process example okay uh just as we mentioned here earlier okay uh so the uh the construction process example in this case in previously I was just talking about extracting raw materials but now let us think about the wood Also let's add into this picture so this is the we call it as harvest and replant trees okay so in that process the it is sequestration okay these are emissions okay so you you have a harvest and replant tree so you cutting down the trees and you are replanting them okay then you are transport to Mill okay wood mill okay and here is the lumber mill where the wood is converted into blocks of wood okay then we have transport to site okay then construct the building here you are talking about the uh wood us from the uh and then you have the operate the building okay this is also emissions so this whole thing is the embodied carbon and this is the operational carbon uh while in the previous example we were talking extracting coal Limestone Etc to make the cement where almost all of them are emissions only emissions uh the when we look take the wood as an example then it there is a sequestration also part of it so not just by industry but also changes with respect to materials so in one case the wood in case it is cement and both the cases the things have changed significantly as part of this okay so uh the um this is a good place for us to uh stop the lecture for today because now we also have two quick questions in the previous class about what is the greenhouse gas effect how do you understand greenhouse gas effect and also there is another question is what is the carbon cycle how the Earth's carbon cycle happens both of those things I can actually give you an overview in the coming class or the next class as part of this but this will actually this much explains the uh total concept of how the green supply chain and how do you use or think about sustainability the emissions the uh recovery reuse Etc all comes into the part of the transformation process from the Upstream to the downstream so if you look at the slide today's slide is called greenhouse gas effect overview so I'll try to use a diagram to explain this let's think about it in two ways the first one is the natural greenhouse effect uh so understand that this exist no matter what okay uh naturally this effect exist so let's call this as the Earth okay and you have something like I'm drawing it in ugly fashion but for the time being let's call this as the atmosphere okay the Earth and this is the atmosphere and then um here is the sun okay and the from the sun we get solar radiation okay so the atmosphere what I am saying here and in this atmosphere you have like around greenhouse gases okay so the greenhouse gases in our term is carbon dioxide then nitrous oxide then methane Etc they're all there so what happens is when the solar radiation hits the Earth the heat gets out like this so it escapes into the let's call this a space for the time being okay so this is we call it as the radiated heat okay and so the logic is that the amount of heat that escapes into the atmosphere so we can say that more heat uh escapes escapes into space okay and some amount of the heat in this which is the radiat which comes back so this is we can say radiated heat okay the heat that is radiated by the atmosphere from the atmosphere back into the Earth so we can say that less radiated heat is the aspect okay in this regard so the reradiated heat which is the heat that is reflected from the atmosphere back to the Earth is less and the logic here is that more heat escapes out of the into the space from the Earth's atmosphere so uh let me put atmosphere here so that this diagram looks somewhat understandable now let's look at the greenhouse gas effect intensified by the human beings okay let us see how the human activity intensifies this okay so we will try to do the similar diagram this time my Earth is coming out to be somewhat more Circle so this is the Earth and we have a atmosphere okay atmosphere and in the atmosphere we have again as I said greenhouse gases okay so let's call it us more greenhouse gases okay so more greenhouse gases are there so the logic here is that we will have uh the greenhouse gas GES of CO2 CH4 n2o all those things and we have the sun here and obviously the sun produces radiated heat it comes to the atmosphere okay so that is the solar radiation and what happens is that the reradiated heat okay I'm just going to draw that reradiated heat heat okay radiated heat so okay this is what it is and we will draw this way so it is called as radiated heat okay so here what happens is less Heat this is space less heat Escape Apes into space okay so that is the aspect here and we call this as the more radiated heat more heat gets reradiated so what actually happens is since there more greenhouse gases okay since these quantities have increased significantly that's why I drew here with the yellow color to show that more greenhouse gases are there so it reduces the less heat escapes so the major points that you need to understand here is that the first one is the less heat Escape compared to the earlier scenario where more heat escapes into the space and the other aspect that we need to also consider here is that the more reradiated heat compared to the the reradiated heat Which is less radiated heat so the idea here is that uh as the greenhouse gases intensifies it prevents less heat to escaping into the space thereby warming the atmosphere much more higher than what is expected so I hope this makes sense to you guys so now let us talk about the next question that we had which is what you call as carbon cycle and what is carbon cycle and how this is being taken care of so okay so it's like okay and and then something like this where I'll say it as okay let's call this is ocean ocean and you have trees then we go back to what you call us we have a factory of a thing okay okay it's like smoke coming out of it you can think about it and there is somewhere you have I'm going to say okay let's imagine that this is in the ground okay and this is called oil uh gas natural gas okay and we have [Music] uh a drilling mechanism okay I'm just going [Music] to okay and then we have okay so this is your extracting the uh stuff from the atmosphere and then we also have something like uh let's say okay so something like uh let's call it as Limestone uh and Dolomite mostly that's called as Marine deposits okay so the Marine deposits are right here and then we have what you call as the here is the forest and we have soil organic matter okay that's here and then you have a here is also like what we call as fossil fuel emissions as part of this and then we have what we call as we have our atmosphere okay and the atmos phere is the all these burnings will actually move things into the atmosphere the emissions and the trees will capture some of these emissions through photosynthesis okay and that will get captured into the soil later as I said earlier and then if you cut down trees then there is something called some of this you can think about as deforestation okay and that causes more issues here and then some amount of carbon dioxide goes into okay this is ocean sequestration and in the ocean what do we call is that this is where the ocean carbon store will be it will actually go and sediment at the bottom of the ocean and it will be there okay so what happens is from the atmosphere so there is emissions so this is also terrestrial sequestration okay so then you can say I just drew the mountains but there are trees around mountains and stuff like that so they will all end up capturing carbon from the atmosphere so you have CO2 n2o CH4 Etc okay right here okay so this kind of a system where we uh some of the stuff gets actually carbon dioxide gets taken and put it in and then it gets put moved back again so that is the carbon cycle that we were discussing as part of this course or some people have asked this question so it's uh emission and then some sequestration combined together and uh we go from there so if you look into this then you will see that uh it's a cycle but as you emit more then the balance of the cycle goes away and then it becomes a bigger issue okay so I hope this will will this make sense to you guys so with this we come to the conclusion of this particular topic these two main questions topics that you have asked for and uh we conclude this lecture and we will have energy transformations about which you guys had different questions we will do that uh in the next lecture and that would cover complete my section of this course thank you [Music] [Music] [Music]