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Hello everyone, I'm Mark. Welcome back to Mark Time. Today is the 66th anniversary of the 823 battle. I want to talk briefly about this shocking battle. Around 6 p.m. on August 23, 1958, the Communist Party of China suddenly fired a fierce cannon on the small Jinmen Island in the east of Xiamen, China. It triggered a few months of national-communist artillery fire, causing the death of tens of thousands of people. The cannon incident was called the second Taiwan Strait crisis. In Taiwan, it was called the 823 Taiwan Strait crisis. In the CCP, it was called the second cannon attack on Jinmen. Although we often talk about the 823 battle, in fact, this battle also includes the naval battle and the air battle. The fiercest artillery fire occurred between August 23, 1958 and October 5, and then the artillery fire continued until December 25, 1978. Around 5.30 p.m. on August 23, 1958, the Communist Army concentrated about 600 artillery guns in Xiamen, Tiantun Mountain, Liandeng, Weitou, etc. They launched a surprise attack on the main military target of Jinmen Island. At the same time, the whole island was engulfed in a blaze of fire. The command post of the Jinmen Defense Command, the artillery field, the observation post, and the airport were severely attacked. More than 40,000 bombs were dropped within two hours. More than 570,000 bombs were dropped on the same day. All activities of the Jinmen Garrison were interrupted. The communication between the command posts and the units was completely interrupted. At the same time, Jinmen was in a mess. At that time, the Jinmen Defense Command was gathering at Cuigu Water Restaurant in Taiwushan to prepare for dinner. Suddenly, he was attacked by a dense bomb, and he was seriously injured. It also caused the death of three deputy commanders of the Jinmen Defense Command. Originally, Hu Lian, the commander of the Jinmen Defense Command, was also going to attend the dinner at Cuigu Water Restaurant. But that day, Minister of National Defense Yu Dawei visited Jinmen Island. At ten o'clock in the evening, Hu Lian, Chief of Staff Liu Mingkui, and the US military advisory group, the Jinmen team, gathered in another restaurant. Although they were also attacked, it was not as fatal as the Cuigu Water Restaurant. Everyone was saved. The Jinmen Defense Command is the main target of the Communist Army. The Communist Army used a total of six artillery battalions of 72 guns to attack the command post. More than 6,000 bombs were dropped. Originally, Hu Lian ordered that all units should not shoot at the other side before receiving the order from the Jinmen Defense Command. But the Communist Army's artillery was extremely fierce. The commanders of the artillery battalions were in a state of emergency. And the communication with the superiors was completely interrupted. So a small number of artillery battalions began to fire back. For example, the 692nd Battalion of the Communist Army, Commander Lu Fengshan, ordered to strike back immediately. Use M-2 type E-5 cannon and M-36 type 90mm anti-tank gun to counterattack. The Communist Army's large-scale artillery lasted for about two and a half hours on the 23rd. According to the statistics of the Communist Army, the Communist Army fired a total of 57,533 bombs. The Communist Army fired back 3,633 bombs. The record of the U.S. military is that the Communist Army fired 40,000 bombs and the Communist Army fired back 5,200 bombs. The number of deaths caused by artillery has always been a mystery. For political propaganda and propaganda, the official data on the death of the Communist Party has a lot of input. The truth is still unclear. Former President Ma Ying-jeou said at the 80th anniversary of the Battle of 823 that 618 people died. General Hao Bochun mentioned that more than 4,000 people died in the 823 artillery attack on Kinmen. But some scholars believe that more than 10,000 people died in the national army. This does not include the number of casualties in the air force and navy and the number of civilian casualties. The next day, the Communist Army fired at Kinmen at about 6 p.m. As a result of the painful lesson the Communist Army was well prepared. The Defense Department has set up an anti-artillery plan. Nine battalions and a company of anti-artillery units will conduct a counterattack with a total of 112 cannons. The strategy is to use heavy artillery, such as M1-15, M2-15, etc. The anti-artillery plan is to use heavy artillery against the Communist Army in Xiamen and other places. Before the 823 artillery attack, Kinmen had completed a comprehensive undergroundization of all military bases on the island. Although the artillery attack began very suddenly and violently, the remaining forces of Kinmen's garrison were saved and large-scale artillery counterattacks were carried out on the day of the 823 The Communist Army continued to attack Kinmen, but the size of the shooting was significantly reduced. Before the 823 artillery attack, in order to cover up the intention of the artillery attack, the Communist Army's artillery troops took all the roads that Kinmen's garrison could observe, retreated heavily during the day and returned to the position at night to confuse Kinmen's garrison. And the front command asked that all artillery should not be fired before the artillery attack. These practices made Kinmen's garrison think that the Communist Army was exercising, but did not accurately judge the real purpose of the Communist Army. And Jiang Jinshi and his son secretly inspected Kinmen before the artillery attack. Under the guidance of Jiang Jinshi, Chief of Staff Wang Shuming, and the commander of the 3rd Army, Jiang Jinshi and his son secretly went to Kinmen to inspect Kinmen. Jiang Jinshi inspected the important highlights of Kinmen, the artillery group, the minefield, the garrison positions, the logistics security facilities, the port dock, the camp dormitory, and so on. He said he was quite satisfied with the hard work of Hu Lian and 100,000 soldiers over the years. Jiang Jinshi did not stay in Kinmen for a long time and left that night to avoid a fatal artillery attack. Because of the construction of a large number of underground palaces, the main strength of the Kinmen National Army is well preserved, and the Kinmen artillery can still effectively counterattack. Seeing that he could not achieve the designated goal, Mao Zedong had to turn the large-scale military action against Kinmen into a long-term siege and blockade, trying to use the siege of the 100,000 troops of the National Army on Kinmen as a bargaining chip for political negotiations with the United States to gain strategic political benefits. After the 83rd artillery attack, the 82nd naval battle and the 92nd naval battle showed the Communist army's intention to blockade Kinmen from the sea. In order to break the CCP's blockade of Kinmen, the 7th Army of the United States and the National Army Navy planned a series of naval joint operations not only to supply ammunition and supplies to Kinmen, but also to provide 240mm M1 grenade launchers to the Communist army, which caused huge losses to the Communist army. The lightning project of the US-Taiwan cooperation began on September 7, and a total of seven launchers were launched. The air force used C-46 and C-47 transport aircraft to load military supplies and launch air strikes at Kinmen Airport. The air-to-sea launch operation broke the Communist army's blockade of Kinmen. In order to strengthen the anti-aircraft forces of the Kinmen anti-cannon battalion, the United States began to provide 240mm M1 grenade launchers to the National Army. On September 20, the first batch of three 240mm M1 grenade launchers was delivered to Kinmen. On the 26th, the US military sent a total of 30 such grenades and achieved considerable results. As the war progressed to October, for the Communist army, this artillery battle had fallen into the hands of the brain. It was impossible to make a decisive breakthrough and it could not be drawn immediately. The air force of the National Army did not retreat, and the morale of the Kinmen garrison remained high. The position of the United States in supporting the aid of the People's Republic of China did not loosen, and Mao Zedong's plan was completely hollow. On October 5, Mao Zedong had no choice but to adjust the strategic principle of Kinmen, and it was changed to kill the enemy. Since then, the Kinmen artillery battle has lost its true meaning. The day before yesterday, Peng Dehuai of the Chinese Ministry of National Defense published Mao Zedong's letter to his compatriots in Taiwan. It was a signal that the CCP was ready to withdraw from the artillery battle. Since then, the artillery battle has been dragged on for three weeks. On October 25, the Chinese Communist Party published a letter to its compatriots in Taiwan and announced that it would implement a one-hit-two-kill policy from the next day. It is a signal for the 8.23 war. The Taiwan Strait war has entered the next stage. The background of the 8.23 air strike is that the Chinese Communist Army began to occupy all the islands of Yijiangshan Island, Dacheng Island and Zhejiang coast in 1955. In 1956, the Chinese Communist Party imitated the J-5 test-flight of the Soviet Union. Mao Zedong invited Peng Dehuai in December 1957 and urged the air force to do their best to enter Fujian in 1958 and prepare for the attack on Kinmen. After the first five-year plan, Mao Zedong's agricultural collective production did not work. He was worried about the status of his party and the challenge of people like Liu Shaoqi. So he launched the double-hand movement and the anti-right movement. He re-established his authority in political activities. Then he began to promote the Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune. The Great Leap Forward began around the end of 1957. In 1958, it was at the rising stage. All over China, large-scale agricultural satellites and large-scale steel were built for the People's Commune. Mao Zedong's confidence in agriculture and steel production quickly surpassed Britain and the United States. Therefore, he had strong confidence in the liberation of Kinmen. By the summer of 1958, the number of troops in Kinmen had reached 100,000, one-third of the total number of ground troops in Taiwan at that time. Mao Zedong hoped that by bombing and blocking Kinmen, the U.S. troops would withdraw from Taiwan and the Chinese troops would retreat from Kinmen and other coastal islands, and then occupy Kinmen. As early as August 6, President Eisenhower had received accurate information that the CCP wanted to launch another attack on coastal islands. On that day, Taiwan announced a state of emergency in Kinmen. On August 10, the U.S. State Department issued a memorandum of understanding on the non-recognition of the Communist Party and issued a warning to the threat posed by the Soviet Union. On August 8 and August 22, the U.S. State Department held two meetings to study the situation in the Taiwan Strait and make a decision. First, send more aircraft and fighter jets to provide Taiwan with landers, anti-missile missiles, firecrackers and military supplies. Second, pressurize China through the U.S. House of Representatives Chairman Morgan. Third, authorize Ambassador John Lloyd to clarify the Sino-U.S. Joint Defense Treaty. If the People's Republic of China launches a major offensive on the coast, it can retaliate, but be careful not to attack too hard. From August 17 to August 30, Mao Zedong held a meeting with the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee during which he decided to launch a missile attack on Kinmen. This is an explanation of the 8.23 war. The CPC's mainstream argument is that it launched the 8.23 missile attack In July 1958, Lebanon was in crisis. The U.S. military carried out Lebanese President Kamala Hisham until the end of Hisham's term. The U.S. military and the Lebanese government successfully occupied Beirut Port and Beirut International Airport. After the crisis, the U.S. military withdrew. Mao Zedong pointed out that demonstrations are one aspect, but moral support is also needed. Kinmen Mazu is China's territory. It is China's internal affairs to attack Kinmen Mazu and punish the U.S. military. The enemy can't find an excuse, but it has a restricting effect on U.S. imperialism. There are many other explanations in the room. For example, the CPC's missile attack is about to expire. In 44 days, nearly 480,000 rounds Under such intensive artillery fire, how did the Chinese army and the islanders escape? Why was the Chinese army still able to organize a fierce counterattack The Chinese Communist Party had locked all the major military targets on Kinmen Mazu. On August 23, all the observatories, traffic centers, key points, and bomb sites on Kinmen Mazu were surrounded by the CCP's intensive artillery fire. However, it did not cause a major blow to the Chinese army Judging from the result of the artillery fire, the CCP still had many blind spots This kind of artillery fire did not pose much threat to Kinmen Mazu's reinforced concrete underground palace. On the contrary, the CCP did not build because they wanted to suddenly attack to cover up the secret of the operation. Therefore, the construction of Kinmen Mazu's underground observation group was mainly guided by the Japanese military consultant Bai Hongliang The most famous consultant was Genbenbo. Genbenbo had been stationed in Kinmen for several years. He commanded the Chinese army to dig up Mount Taiwu at an altitude of 253 meters and built a cave defense system like the Japanese army in Kinmen. In this way, most of the soldiers and the Chinese army could hide in the cave and avoid artillery fire. Genbenbo not only borrowed the defense system of Kinmen to consolidate the defense system of Kinmen, but also used the pocket tactics of the Chinese army to help the Chinese army seize Mount Kuning. Genbenbo changed the plan of the Chinese army to block the Chinese army's landing. After the Chinese army landed and entered the pocket, the Chinese army concentrated its firepower to destroy the Chinese army. The battle of Kinmen shook the American society and the political world. At that time, the United States and the CCP signed a joint defense treaty in the form of the Cold War. Since then, the CCP has never been able to attack any foreign island in Taiwan. Since then, there has been a political-military partition on both sides for more than 60 years. Due to time constraints, I have briefly reviewed the following 823 battles. Please continue to follow Max Gong. See you next time.