Lecture 10

[Music] good afternoon everyone um welcome to yet another lecture of the course and NP Ms uh titled carbon accounting and sustainable design in product product life cycle management and this course is offered from iot kpur uh and my name is Dr DEA Philip and along with me uh Dr amand Singh oboy and Dr pral pradap Singh are also Co instructing this course and as uh we have seen in the previous sections and all uh and we are talking about carbon footprint and Etc today we are going to talk about the examples of or how do we do carbon footprint calculations okay and this was in the previous lecture and now we are this is in a continuation of that okay and also we would like to acknowledge Mike Le and also Dr Paul Shillings both of them who were my teachers and I took classes from them and some of those Concepts actually came from them so let's uh first talk about the fundamental emission equations these emission equations are very popular and people use it and let's take two examples I'm not going to go through every emissions just talk about car emissions and airplane emissions so the car emissions equation is given by typically miles driven remember most of these were created in United States so you will find most of them in the US units miles driven by fuel efficiency okay multiplied by 1936 okay times that is lbs CO2 lbs stands for pounds American pound carbon CO2 per gallon okay that is a multiplier this whole thing this is divided by 2 24.6 will give you the CO2 e in tons so the miles driven how many kilome miles are driven miles is the US miles and divide by the fuel effic of the car multiply by 19.36% passenger miles per gallon okay so the miles flown this is the miles flown by the again the miles is the US miles flown by the airplane divided by 41.987012 20.8 pound of CO2 per gallon okay in this case the previous case it was uh you can think about it as petrol or gasoline in this case it is actually aviation fuel multiplied by 2.7 this much is the whole calculation for airplane divided by 2204 6 is equalent to your CO2 e okay that's in tons so one thing that you can see is there is something that is common okay question is what is this okay so please find out you have to go around search and find out what does that represents so I hope you guys understand the carbon emissions so in the car emissions the equation I'm going over it again miles driven divided by fuel efficiency multiplied by 19.36% multiplied by 20.8 pounds of carbon dioxide per gallon of aviation fuel so this is again pounds of aviation fuel multiplied by 2.7 divide by 220 4.6 will give you the carbon dioxide equivalence now the there's an alternate way there an uh this is one option is mug up the equation another way of doing it is you can also have an alternative way of calculating this and this is usually done by many of the fuel fuel suppliers okay so like Exon Mobile and all they use this model so the methodology how do you do that so number one first step every month identify how many kilometers kilometers the car or vehicle travel travels on an average so it's like for examp average and the average mileage mileage of the car or vehicle so example example assume a car covering 2,000 kilom and at mileage of 10 10 kilomet per liter assume it that way that's the case then estimate the quantity quantity of fuel required required each month so uh example 2,000 L at 10 km per lit equal implies 2,000 / 10 will give you 200 L of fuel is required each month now the estimate the quantity quantity of carbon dioxide equalent okay generated by burning the calculated quantity of fuel so example here if 200 L of diesel is burned assume that the car is like toot in NOA then burned it will create 534 kog of CO2 e where did I get this 532 kg that is 1 lit is of diesel is equal to 2.67 kilog of CO2 e so 200 l l is equal to 200 into 2.67 is equal to 534 that is how you calculate that now example if 200 L of petrol is burned instead of diesel let's say it's 200 petrol then use the unit multiplier of 2 31 so it is it implies 200 200 into 2.31 okay so that is 2 6 462 kilog okay so that is the amount of the other case that's the amount of carbon dioxide that will be emitted out now one more thing if the quantity the quantity of fuel is estimated in gallons okay that's other than lit liters then convert it into lers by multiplying it with 4.54 which implies 1 gallon equalent to 4.54 54 l so if you are getting it in gallons all these calculations estimations are for liters okay not for gallons if you are estimating it in the form of gallons or US gallons then this is 4.54 L per gallon that's the one that you will use to estimate it so this is an alternate way of actually calculating it now let us also talk about one more emission equation okay second set of emission equation which is explicitly meant for an Electric Appliance so the electric appliance emission uh equation the it is given by electricity consumption okay it is calculated as kwh per day kilowatt hour per day okay divided by use okay the use is either by a suit or by an individual suit means it's a collection of people okay okay so the facility is either used by a suit or by an individual you take that then you multiply it by 365 days and multiplied by 1. 1486 lbs C2 e per kilow hour okay divided by 2 24.6 gives you the CO2 e the carbon dioxide equalent emissions of this so there are some aspects in this that you we need to figure out so the main things are main aspects main aspects are number one electricity consumption electricity consumption is the daily consumption the daily consumption how many kilowatt hours per day that is a first part the second one is use of suit individual okay that aspect is the number of people number of people using that Appliance then comes is the 1. 1486 lbs CO2 e per kwh kilowatt is the weighted carbon emissions coefficient coefficient for electricity okay so this is the weighted carbon emissions coefficient how is this weight calculated it is calculated by 42% coal then the second one is 43% natural gas 9% nuclear okay uh 1 percentage renewable and 5% other production means which includes hydroelectricity and other things okay this is the energy production mix we assume that 42% is from the burning coal 43% is from the natural gas 9% is from nuclear 1% is renewable sources okay and 5 % of other production means like example will be hydro electricity Hydro geothermal etc etc these are all examples of this okay so if this energy mies if this Energy Mix is changed if you change this Energy Mix then the multiplier the 1. 1486 multiplier will also change so this is the American Standard that we are talking about but the logic here is that the philosophy or the equation Remains the Same all if India is using 80% call only so then this multiplier 1. 486 need to be changed to what the new multiplier R so this is is another way of actually calculating the electric appliance emissions so let us take a simple example okay alternate emission approaches a simple example of an electric electric appliance where we use electricity so let's take uh one is electricity okay so the CO2 m e in pounds or lbs okay is equal to average amount of electric bill per month is the average amount of electric bill per month divided by okay price per kilowatt hour okay the first one is this average amount of electric bill per month and divide by the price per kilowatt hour multiplied by Electric electricity emissions Factor emissions factor which I told you can be calculated based on the Energy Mix the weighted coefficient Factor multiplied by months in a year so usually Western countries use 1.37 as the electricity emissions Factor okay so this is the usual thing that uh we do in this okay now let us take instead of electricity let's take Natural Gas okay so if you see CO2 e in pounds in lbs is equal to average amount of natural gas bill per month divided by price per price per 1,000 cubic feet okay that is the first aspect multiplied by natural gas emissions Factor m mped by months in a year okay and again okay Western countries use uh 120. 61 as the natural gas emissions Factor it is very similar to what we did in electricity except that the natural gas emission so here the average amount of natural gas bill per month divided by the price per th000 cubic feet of natural gas multiplied by the natural gas emission Factor because the bill is monthly you have to calculate it an year so you multiplied by how many months in a year and you use the factor 120.65 7 and let us talk about propane which is a very popular G in um Western countries including us Japan and all so that is again CO2 e n pounds lbs is equal to average amount of propane Bill per month divided by price per gas here it is per gallon because this is liquefied okay most of the times like LPG okay multiplied by propane emissions Factor propane emissions Factor multiplied by months in a year in a year and the propane emissions factor in this case Okay the that is 12.17 so here is an example of using three things electricity an alternate way of looking at electricity or natural gas or propane so how can we calculate the carbon dioxide equivalent or CO2 e in so these are all again you can imagine annually per year okay this is also annually this is also annually so these are all annual estimations because you have seen the months per year okay and this is always 12 months in an year okay so all this cases this is months is 12 okay we keep on multiplying with 12 so that you get the annual quantity so I think this will be a good point for us to stop today and uh uh it because there's a lot of um equations that you need to learn and understand I suggest that you guys understand the equations uh take data from internet or something work on this and understand how you can calculate this and go from there and then we will be doing more emission calculations in the next class based on other things and then we will continue from there on some different calculations and different factors for the uh globally known aspects so thank you very much for your patient hearing good luck luck and I'll see you in another week thank you [Music] [Music] [Music]