衫洋文武古镇一蓝田书院千年守望CHINA fUJIAN 2024年 4K

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杉洋昔日被称为三阳、蓝田，后来因为遍地多杉木而改名为杉洋。作为古田县东部的重要镇子，杉洋地处四面群山环绕、中间盆地的险要之地，因此被称为“杉关”。这座古老的村落有着超过1100年的历史，培养了90多位进士、2位状元以及许多朝廷重臣和民族精
说起杉洋，不得不提蓝田书院，南宋理学家朱熹曾在此讲学，因此这里又被誉为“过化名区”。正是由于与朱熹的深厚渊源，蓝田书院成为山村文化的地标，占据着不可替代的重要地位。沿着古朴安宁的乡间小道，我们来到了在原址上重建的蓝田书院。这里散发着古色古香的气息，整个书院坐南朝北，屋顶形状独特，黑瓦白墙色彩鲜明，墙线错落有致，窗棂楹柱雕刻精湛，建筑材料考究，院落古朴典雅大方，展现出明显的徽派建筑特色。
据说，蓝田书院曾多次修缮，但在20世纪70年代却毁于一场失火。令人欣慰的是，2011年，蓝田书院的创办人余仁椿的第33代孙余云辉博士出资重建了这座充满韵味的书院。走进这座崭新的“蓝田书院”，虽然已经过去了千年，却依稀能够感受到那抑扬顿挫的琅琅书声随风飘荡。朱熹曾两次来到这个宜教宜居的地方讲学，他的理学思想如同星火一般迅速传播，许多读书人梦寄青云，蓝田书院因此在八闽大地上熠熠生辉，古田杉洋也因成为“先贤过化”之地而享有美誉。尽管杉洋村不大，却拥有一道长长的城墙。这座城墙是用石头砌筑而成，最初建于明朝弘治年间，后来在清朝咸丰年间进行了重修。城墙设有八座城门，纵横各有380多米，城墙上有楼台，还设置了五座炮台和女墙作为防护措施。这样壮观的“长城”通常只出现在县城或要塞中，而杉洋是一个偏远的山村，突然出现这样一道巍峨的城墙，实属罕见。它是古田县除了县城以外唯一的一座城池，在全省乃至全国的山区乡村中也是少见的。可见，在明清时期，杉洋曾是古田县大东山区的重要驻防镇。尽管现在城墙的大部分已经损毁，只剩下残垣断壁，但“四姓八境”的传统街巷格局至今仍然保存完整。在杉洋仅存的一小段古城墙遗址上，有一座门楣上挂着“余为亨故居”匾额的清代建筑。这是杉洋境内极为罕见的双堂建筑，左右两侧分别是光远堂和光迪堂，两个堂之间有一个通道，现在用一扇木门暂时隔开。两个堂基本上保留了古代的规模和样式，建筑风格精巧雅致，屋顶上有飞檐重檐，梁柱上雕刻着精美的图案。房屋按照两进的结构建造，有厅堂、正房和厢房，中间还有一个天井，用于通风采光。院落整洁，绿植葱茏我们只能从几百年来从未更换过的青铜大门环和门锁，以及厅堂上挂着的“光远堂”、“光迪堂”等牌匾上清晰可见的字迹，窥见古人的匠心。岁月如水，那些古人的谈笑已经消逝不见，但在古宅的内部，似乎仍然弥漫着当年豪迈或富贵的氛围。杉洋村还保留着200多座古老的民宅，每座民宅都有一个洋溢着浓郁文化氛围的堂号或厝名。其中明代的古宅有时思堂、三房厝、旗杆厝等十三座，清代的古宅有聚德堂、姑娘厝等随着居住在这些古民居里的乡民们外出谋生发展，这些古民居逐渐衰败。然而，任何一个走进这些古民居的外地人都会为其精美的建筑和浓厚的文化氛围所震撼。
杉洋的祠堂也是一道独特的风景线。李氏凤林祠、余氏蝉林祠、彭氏金公总祠和林氏联珠祠坐落在翠岩古道旁，四座祠堂相互辉映，形成了全省独有、全国罕见的文化现象。
Shanyang, formerly known as Sanyang and Lantian, was renamed Shanyang due to the abundant cypress trees in the area. As an important town in the eastern part of Gutan County, Shanyang is surrounded by mountains on all sides and located in a strategic position in the middle of a basin, hence it is known as "Shan Guan" (Cypress Pass).
This ancient village has a history of over 1100 years and has produced more than 90 scholars, 2 top scholars, as well as many court ministers and national elites...When it comes to Shanyang, one cannot ignore Lantian Academy. Zhu Xi, a Neo-Confucian philosopher of the Southern Song Dynasty, once lectured here, earning it the reputation of being the "Area of Zhu Xi's Influence". Due to its profound connection with Zhu Xi, Lantian Academy has become a landmark of mountain village culture and holds an irreplaceable position.Following the peaceful country paths, we arrived at the reconstructed Lantian Academy on its original site. It exudes an ancient charm, with its unique orientation facing south, distinctive roof shape, black tiles and white walls, intricate carvings on the window frames and pillars, exquisite architectural materials, and an elegant and spacious courtyard, showcasing obvious characteristics of Huizhou-style architecture.It is said that Lantian Academy underwent multiple renovations, but it was destroyed by a fire in the 1970s. Fortunately, in 2011, Dr. Yu Yunhui, the 33rd generation descendant of the founder of Lantian Academy, Mr. Yu Renchun, funded the reconstruction of this charming academy.Stepping into this new Lantian Academy, though a thousand years have passed, one can still faintly feel the melodious sound of reading drifting in the wind. Zhu Xi visited this place twice to lecture, and his Neo-Confucian thoughts spread like wildfire. Many scholars aspired to succeed in the imperial examinations, and as a result, Lantian Academy shone brightly in the land of Fujian. Shanyang in Gutan also gained a reputation as a place where scholars passed through.
Although Shanyang Village is small, it has a long city wall. This city wall, initially built during the Ming Dynasty's Hongzhi era, was later restored during the Qing Dynasty's Xianfeng era. The city wall has eight gates, with a total length of over 380 meters in all directions. There are towers on the city wall, as well as five artillery platforms and female walls for defense.
Such a spectacular "Great Wall" usually only appears in county towns or fortresses, making it rare for Shanyang, a remote mountain village, to have such a majestic city wall. It is the only city wall in Gutan County apart from the county town, and it is also uncommon in rural mountain areas throughout the province and even the country.
It can be seen that during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shanyang was an important garrison town in the Dadao Mountains area of Gutan County. Although most of the city wall has been destroyed, leaving only remnants, the traditional street layout of "Four Surnames and Eight Neighborhoods" is still well-preserved.On a small section of the remaining ancient city wall in Shanyang, there is a Qing Dynasty building with a plaque saying "Yu Wei Heng Former Residence." This is an extremely rare twin-hall architecture within Shanyang, with Guangyuan Hall on the left and Guangdi Hall on the right, connected by a passageway temporarily separated by a wooden door.The two halls have basically preserved their ancient scale and style, with delicate and elegant architectural features.