The History of Saudi Arabia (House of Saud)

the house of saud emerges onto the pages of history in 1744 when the chieftain of a small oasis town of Tyria Muhammad bin Saud formed a pact with Islamic fundamentalist theologian seeking refuge in Duryea Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahab sound would be Emir Wahab would be imam together they would bring Wahhabism of islamic purity to Arabia the emirate of diría which was under nominal Ottoman rule would meet a violent end in the ottoman Wahhabi war of eighteen eleven to eighteen eighteen the Saudi Emir would seize the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina and denounce the Turkish sultan as being unworthy to be called Calif and protector of the faithful this insurrection was met with overwhelming force 50,000 Ottoman troops would be sent into Arabia all Wahhabist theologians found would be executed after a siege that would last for months Duryea would be leveled to the ground the conquered states Emir Abdullah bin Saud would be brought to Istanbul where he would be publicly beheaded while being forced to listen to lute music which waha BISM forbade his severed head would be thrown into the Bosphorus however this would not be the end of the Saudi family or waha BISM Turkey bidden abdullah bin muhammad a grandson of the founder of the emirate would escape the ottomans siege of diría and after a few years in hiding would establish a second Saudi state the emirate of Najib with diría and ruins the nearby city of Riyadh was chosen as a new capital his son Abdul Rahman bin faisal would succeed him in 1891 he would be defeated in battle and driven out of Riyadh by the rival tribe abdul rahman and his surviving family would flee into the southern desert and take refuge among the Bedouins and later in kuwait after defeat in battle in 1900 he would give up all ambitions of recovering his kingdom and would focus on Wahhabism becoming the tribe spiritual leader his son Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman dibban Faisal live in Turkey bin Abdullah even Mohammed Al Saud or simply Abdul Aziz as he is known in Arabia or he been Saud in the West would take over as head of the family and secular and military matters beginning in 1901 Abdul Aziz would set out to reconquer his family's Kingdom which is sixty men at his side including many relatives a half-brother and cousins he would raid and terrorize the tribes loyal to the Rashidi on the night of his 27th birthday Abdul Aziz and 40 of his kinsmen taking advantage of a few tilted palm trees scaled the walls of Riyadh the Rashidi governor and his men would be slaughtered before being able to organize a defense in Riyadh Citadel Abdulaziz would found the third Saudi state reviving the emirate of Nejd he would then ally himself with a quatrain fierce bedouin warriors who had been converted to Wahhabism during the reign of Abdulaziz as forefathers together they would subjugate the nez desert and crush Ottoman attempts to intervene in his reconquest during the first world war the House of Saud would ally with the British Empire against their common foe the Ottoman Turks and their Arabian allies one by one he would solidify his control over the tribes of the nagy desert through marriage and conquest after the First World War the British would supply the Saudis with a glut of surplus munitions which they would use in the conquest of Mecca in 1925 ending 700 years of Hashemite rule in the city in 1927 the Wahhabist ik Wan would rebel against the House of Saud which they saw as being corrupted by their increased wealth and Western alliances even the non Wahhabist Muslims they saw as infidels by 1929 the rebellion was crushed in 1932 the House of Saud would consolidate the dual kingdoms of Nejd and hodgins into a single Kingdom that would bear the name of even so Abdulaziz family the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1938 a discovery was made that would change the fate of Arabia in the region forever for here are more proved and readily accessible reserves that in all of North and South America together and the region is rapidly being developed in eastern Saudi Arabia the Arabian American oil company called Aramco for short discovered five major fields during the decade after the first commercial producing well was completed in 1938 the daily output by 1947 was over 400,000 barrels and steadily climbing Abdul Aziz would remain neutral throughout World War two although favoring the allies near the war's end he would meet both with Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt whom he met with for three days forming the basis of Saudi American cooperation in regards to oil production and politics in the region till his death in 1953 at the age of 78 Saudi Arabia would continue to find more oil and rapidly modernize in this land of great provision there arose a powerful leader who unified his five and a half million people and set out to achieve a renaissance his majesty Abdulaziz even solid a nation far different than the one he had founded when he and 40 loyal men climbed palm trees to scale the walls of Riyadh 50 years earlier passed to his eldest surviving son Saud bin Abdulaziz al-saud King Saud was almost universally liked as he was an enjoyable person to be around amicable and loquacious however he was viewed as a weak leader especially when it came to Israel and the socialist leader Abdel Nasser of Egypt who wanted to unite the Arab world and claimed that the oil beneath Arabia's sand belonged to all Arabs and not just the House of Saud after receiving medical treatment in Europe the eldest of his 44 younger brothers Prince Faisal with the backing of the religious community that had issued a fatwa in his favor and the entire family forcibly assumed the position of regent of Saudi Arabia shortly after the family forced Saud to formally abdicate and leave the country in exile he would spend the last years of his life traveling including a few years in Egypt where he was allowed to broadcast anti Faisal and Pro Nasser sentiments on radio Cairo Faisal would Institute a vast swath of reforms in many areas of Saudi life from education law taxation welfare to the abolishment of slavery and the institution of television in 1966 one of isil's nephews led a violent protest against the television station he was shot dead by a policeman King Faisal was strongly anti-communist and socialists which he saw is linked to Zionism he supported monarchies and conservative movements throughout the Arab world and sought to counter the influence of socialism and Arab nationalism in the region by promoting pan-islamism as an alternative he would also fight a proxy war with Egypt Nasser in Yemen and 1967 King Faisal would reconcile his relationship with Egypt during the 1973 arab-israeli war launched by Sadat of Egypt King Faisal withdrew Saudi oil from the world markets in protest over Western support for Israel during the conflict this action increased the price of oil and would be the primary force behind the 1973 oil crisis it would be the defining act of isil's career and gaining him lasting prestige among many Arabs and Muslims worldwide in 1974 he was named Time Magazine's Man of the Year and the financial windfall generated by the crisis fueled the economic boom that occurred in Saudi Arabia after his death on March 25th 1975 Faisal was shot point-blank and killed by his nephew Faisal bin Mossad which just returned from the United States he was the brother of isil's nephew who was killed in the television protests most believe this was the motivation for the assassination after the Kings funeral the assassin would be convicted of regicide by the highest religious court in Saudi Arabia he would be beheaded publicly in Riyadh in front of a crowd of thousands faisal x' brother khalid bin Abdulaziz al-saud would take the place as king of Saudi Arabia during his seven year reign Saudi Arabia cities would continue to rapidly grow and modernize fueled by high oil prices his reign would also see increasingly closer ties to the United States his reign would be followed by his brothers Fahd Abdullah bin Abdulaziz and the current King King Salman all sons of the original Saudi King Abdul Aziz bin Saud the current Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman may be the first of Abdulaziz his grandchildren to take the throne when he succeeds his father this has been Epimetheus leave a like comment subscribe that really keeps me going motivate me to make more videos like this my spare time if you would like to enable me to make more videos like this more often please consider supporting me on patreon and that would make that possible thank you very much [Music]