【国家地理百年纪念典藏】第43集 俾斯麦战舰 #國家地理 #紀錄片 #探索

1939年4月14日, 今天,我們的愛國領導人 與他的身邊人員 與這艘強大的戰鬥船 這艘戰鬥船比斯瑪 被他兒子的 銀行總統交給了 1939年2月14日 這艘不完整的 德國軍艦 進入了哈姆堡的水中 對於納粹黨派來說 這是一天 爲了慶祝國家的 復甦的軍事力量 這一瞬間 是由總統親自欣賞的 兩年後 這艘戰鬥船 終於準備進行行動 1941年春天 她離開港 她被認爲 是最優雅 最危險的戰鬥船 她永遠不會回來 她的名字是比斯瑪 她快要成爲 傳說中的傳說 1988年夏天 一名移民遊客 名叫斯塔瑞拉 離開了西班牙 決定離開北海岸 比斯瑪 在近半世紀之前 就塌下了 戰鬥船發生的故事 在她在世界舞臺上 短短的一瞬間 已經吸引了 幾乎所有聽說過的 人們的幻想 包括Bob Ballard 找到了泰坦尼克 現在他正在尋找比斯瑪 我小時候 就認識了比斯瑪的故事 那是一艘優雅的戰鬥船 就像泰坦尼克船一樣 在一段短暫的旅程中 生活得非常激烈 它在海面上 活了不到兩個星期 這是一個令人興奮的故事 找到它 會給你機會 再次告訴新一代的人們 即使在搜索之前 Ballard感到壓力 我找不到它 我會很失望 鮑爾德是一位 利用精細的技術 來探索深海的領導人 這就是船舶 現在是3-4-0 好,放進去 掌握控制器 好的,船舶 這些傳感器會沉浸在海面上 並開始發出 強大的聲音信號 讓鮑爾德 指定位置在海面上 聲音信號提供了 他第一次看到 在船舶下面的 三公里深處的土壤 應該是在這裏 有很遠的距離 看起來很噁心 很噁心 上來,Todd 到20米 這裏有些東西 那裏有些東西 繼續往下 在下坡上 現在 回來 下降應該在這裏 我認爲這是最好的猜測 所以我們要往上走 但保持視覺 儘量保持在垃圾堆中 否則我們會聞到 在下三天 Ballard跟隨木材和鋼材的迷茫旅程 第四天 Argo發現了更大的東西 有個好東西 看看這個混蛋的亮度 哇 不管是什麼 它是個大東西 保持在這個高度 這是什麼 看這個 這是我們來找的 看這個彎 這裏有個彎 在下坡上 大概在七米左右 是的 Ballard發現的 是一個碰撞的洞 在這裏有個大物體 似乎在埋葬 但是什麼樣的物體 你可以看到垃圾路 你看 這些很輕的東西 越來越大 所以我認爲 它是往下走 往下走 然後往裏面走 我蠻有信心 它是Bismarck 我們的地區 完全被蓋住了 我認爲 當我們把數據生成 然後處理 我們的案子 就會變得更強硬 而不是更弱 相信他已經 找到Bismarck Ballard將Argo 拉出水裏 Storella就回家了 我們現在要做的 就是回家 看清楚照片 看看我們能否 發現一些東西 是Bismarck 還是不是 照片給了Ballard 他一直在尋找的 終極答案 但並不是他所想要的 然後 那裏有個蠟燭 我意思是 一個全新 美麗保存的蠟燭 現在我知道 Bismarck被蠟燭打中 也許那是 蠟燭 但顯然不是Bismarck 那張圖像 就像你心裏的牌 我意思是 我只是看了看 沒辦法 我可以理解 那張圖像 顯然是一艘船 而不是Bismarck Ballard遇到了 一艘19世紀的蠟燭 Bismarck的第一輪 50年前 Bismarck證明了 它就像皇帝的軍艦 一樣有優勢 星期天的5月23號 這艘軍艦被一名 旅遊的英國船員發現 她準備穿過 綠洲和伊斯蘭之間 廣闊的路線 250米的距離 英國軍艦 皇帝的蠟燭和蠟燭 已發出警告 它們開始迅速地 阻擋Bismarck 在它達到開放的水域之前 帶領攻擊 將成爲英國船 最大的船 蠟燭 是一艘 讓我印象深刻的 一切美妙的 關於英國軍艦 在戰爭之前 它是一艘美妙的船 它是在第一次世界大戰 建造的 不幸的是 它的裝備非常貧窮 它的船舶 非常輕薄 它不應該 像它那樣 沒有裝備 Hood 是我們所有人都認識 和討厭的名字 我們的船長 試圖讓我們 害怕這個名字 當我們在行駛 他們會說 我們的船 在戰鬥 戰艦Hood 戰鬥Hood 星期四早上 5月24日 兩艘戰鬥艇 相遇 在距離 約14公里的距離 Hood 開火 Bismarck回應 用一系列的散彈 一枚Bismarck的槍 穿過Hood的 薄薄的裝備艦 燃起了 Bismarck的散彈 結果 Bismarck的散彈 切斷了Hood 我看到的 是一片巨大的炸彈 射向 船艙的前端 船艦 開始 啓動 我們全都脫離了 船艙 沒有人 給船艙放棄 這並不是必要的 新聞 立即傳播 傳播到 船艙裏的所有人 無論有多深 有人 在船艙裏 發佈了 幾乎無法形容的 熱情 很難 把那些人 帶回船艙 因爲 那些熱情 我成功 上船 我轉過來 再看一遍 她已經走了 那裏的水 有火 我說 那裏的水 大約五釐米厚 我又驚慌了 我轉過來 再看一遍 儘快地 當我轉過來 火已經熄滅了 另一邊 還有另外兩個人 沒有人 只有我們三個 在戰爭的 少於十分鐘 船艙 已經消失了 只有三個人 從一支 一萬四百人的船 活着 當這個新聞 在英國收到時 它受到了 最大的震驚 它對我們在英國 和美國的 珍珠港 的震驚 我們不敢相信 一支船 在過去的 所有成功人士 和英國軍隊 在幾分鐘內 就能夠結束 它們的生命 人們就說 那接下來呢 如果珍珠港 在六分鐘內 能夠垮臺 那她還能做什麼呢 1989年夏天 一年後 空手而回 Ballard準備 重新尋找 星球的 赫克里斯 我們在去年 學到了很多 主要是珍珠港 沒有存在 我們有了更好的船 更好的風槍系統 我們終於可以 登上山頂 去年太危險了 我現在還不太興奮 要登上山頂 但是 我沒有選擇 這是一個 報告的位置 在這裏 另一個在這裏 然後在這裏 所以今年 新的尋找點 大約是六公里 東西北五公里 現在的 傳感器 Cathie在哪裏 A在這裏 B在那裏 C在那裏 所以 通過這個區域 我們必須擔心的 是一個巨大的 樓 實際上 這裏顯示了樓 廣闊地 它是一千米高 從這裏 到最頂 所以我們必須 擔心它會 崩塌 進入那座樓 這座樓 非常強大 它能夠 打斷電線 當你把電線 拉起來 然後被困住 就像是 一條五公斤的 二十公斤的蟬 在一條五公斤的測試線上 不要試圖 把它拉進去 因爲蟬會 打破那五公斤測試線 魚魚就會 打破電線 所以 賠償它 讓它 讓它在線上 它需要阿爾戈 超過兩個小時 才能到達海底 三公里下 它的唯一接線 到達海面的船 是電線的長度 少於一英寸 一旦到達海面 阿爾戈可以 尋找海底 幾天 但首先 它必須要跨過 無法想象的黑暗 在海面的 全面重量下 雖然船 表現得很順利 但第一週 沒有找到 蜘蛛的痕跡 就結束了 好消息是 上一年 我們對東方 這麼害怕的地區 並不是那麼壞 壞消息是 我們還沒有找到 因爲 我們已經跨過 四十公里 到達海底 在一個 三十平方公里的區域 而我們還沒有 找到任何 除了沙子 和岩石 這是一個 很有趣的 地理性的功能 但 這不是我今天來的目的 這次真的要 很努力 幫助你們 找到這些東西 什麼東西 沙子 Bismarck's steering gear jams. Now she can only move in one direction, northwest, directly toward the onrushing British fleet. We couldn't understand it when we got a signal from the Ark Royal and the Sheffield saying course of Bismarck is now due north, when up to that point it had been due south, or at least southeast. And we thought they made a mistake. It's very easy when you see a ship in the distance in the haze. It's awfully uncertain whether it's going from left to right or right to left. And we thought they made a mistake, silly old thing. We should know better than that. And then when it was repeated two or three times, we suddenly realized that the Bismarck had been delivered into our hands. Summer, 1989. The star Hercules has been criss-crossing the seabed for over 200 hours without finding a trace of wreckage. On the ninth day of the hunt, that begins to change. This whole area looks like someone really disrupted it. It's flat. Forward. Look at that. Look at that right there. Forward. That's obviously man-made. No doubt about that. Light stuff. What did that one off to the right look like on your guy? It wasn't a shadow. Yeah, but it could be an impact crater. Could be. We came in on the debris about 17 hours ago. We're in a big section of wreckage. And we got burnt last year. We don't want to repeat that. We want a definitive Bismarck. We're not getting it. It's frustrating. It takes hours and hours and hours. And I haven't slept for 17 hours. I'm getting tired. The trail of clues on the ocean floor is tantalizingly human. A boot. A lantern torn from a sinking ship. Or was it the Bismarck? Just junk. Nice piece. A fire. Each hour brings new discoveries and a renewed sense that they're closing in on the quarry. These are circles. Yet nothing they have found can positively be linked to the Bismarck until just before midnight when Argo passes over what appears to be part of a turret once housed Bismarck's 15-inch guns. Here, there. Back up. No, no, back, back. Reverse it. Back, back, back. Right there. Right now. Run. That's just the line. That's it. We got it. We're close. They didn't have those on 18th-century sailing ships. No, they did not have those on 18th-century ships. They didn't? No. Do you know what they were made of? Just like the boiler. Cylinder. The first thing we saw. That was decisive. A fingerprint of the ship. Ballard knows he's getting closer, but he's not there yet. We haven't found the ship. I don't think it was buried. I don't think it slid down that hill. I don't think it's there. I think it's somewhere else, but nearby. Here's more debris coming in. And it's that debris, the debris trail is going to lead us to the ship. We just have to pick up the scent again. Tuesday, May 27th, between midnight and dawn, over a dozen British warships close on the crippled Bismarck, waiting for first light to deliver the final blow. They know their quarry is wounded, but no one can guess how badly. At about midnight or shortly after, the conclusion had to be drawn it was impossible to do a useful repair and was just given up and next morning had to be awaited. We ate our meals at our guns. There was no more warm food, just bread with something on it. And once we had boiled potatoes. And we stayed at our guns the whole time. And this was perhaps the most difficult, the most dreadful part of the entire operation, as far as I remember, the certainty you could not escape anymore, you couldn't do anything, and you could probably not do anything equal up to the battle that would be shaping up next morning. It was like a sentence of death. Tuesday, May 27th, two hours after sunrise, the Rodney and King George V finally spot the Bismarck. emerging from a rain squall. Battle stations are called. At 8.47 a.m., the British warships open fire. The other thing that struck me when the battle started was all the color contrasts. The Bismarck was black. The British ships were gray. The seas were green with the wind creaming the tops, creamy tops. It was the brown of the coast It was the brown of the cordite when the guns fired on both sides. It was these brown puffs of cordite smoke. And then there was the flash, the orange flash of the guns. And then these enormous shell splashes, high as houses, white as shrouds. And it was majestic. It was a majestic scene. It was an awesome scene. And I can see it today clearly as I saw it then. In one full hour, the relentless British salvos continued. She'd had a lot of damage on the forks of the ford of Aitauk. And every time she plunged in the sea, the plates on her port bow, extending over a large area, were red-hot as she came out. And then when she went into the sea, there was a cloud of steam. What I saw made me sick. There were mountains of dead people, in pieces. There was one crazy man still at his gun, still firing. Ammunition was exploding. The entire upper deck was on fire. It looked like a heap of rubble. And I thought to myself, The beauty of the ship was gone. Then eventually, we saw men trickling down, running down the quarter deck and then jumping into the sea because it was all over. It was finished. It was a dreadful sight, you know. No sailor likes to see another ship sunk, even if it's an enemy. This piece of film, showing the Bismarck burning on the far horizon, is the last view of the battleship before she began to sink. I thought about what to do. I was no longer needed. What good is anti-aircraft in a sea battle? And we were almost out of ammunition. So I left with some others and we drifted away from the Bismarck. The admiral decided the only way to sink was to torpedo. So we went in close and fired our torpedoes. And then we watched her sink. Thursday, June 8th, 1989. A rainy, overcast day. Very much like Bismarck's last hours at sea. Once we've established that, we're going to turn around and come back west of that line and go again around the top. Looks like we have a big target coming up on the port side, about 45 meters out. Closing on the target. It's about 30 meters ahead. All right. We're closing. Staying dark. Staying strong. A lot of debris. Port starboard. Still closing. Real strong. This is a strong one, guys. This could be it. Gunducks. Incredible. Gunducks. Right across the bridge. Look at that baby. The bridge is gone. Again? You got it, huh? And it just kept... Right across the middle. You could not have heard anything better. That's it. Absolutely amazing. So it's 100 meters further than we were? Yeah. I guess we'll have to give it a try. Yeah. All right. Our ship was at the very spot that the Bismarck must have been. All of the rounds coming, the total chaos and confusion, splashes, the impacting rounds, the explosions going off, the fire burning, just the tremendous carnage that took place, and then to realize that the ship sank and then there were all these people in the water around you. You could almost see them swimming in this churning sea full of oil, and I relate to that. It just seemed awful, that would be. We swam for a little while, just to keep moving so we wouldn't freeze. The water was about 10 degrees Celsius. It was so difficult to swim in the oil that had assembled on the surface of the ocean from the sunken ship. It penetrated our faces and ears. It was terrible. It made everything most difficult. We were ordered to go and rescue them in the ship I was in. So we came up slowly to them to pull them up the ship's side on ropes. I remember a story that spread right away on the Dorsetshire. A British seaman saw a German sailor who had no arms, trying to swim. So he climbed down into the sea and fastened a rope around the man's body. I reached one of the ropes to help them pull the survivor up, and we noticed that he had both his arms shot off and was holding the rope with his teeth. And he fell off, just as we got him to the upper deck. And I went over the side to tie a bowline around him. So I did that, then I lost him. For those of us on the Dorsetshire, the name Jill Brooks means something. Our government should give that man a medal for humaneness. In the days following the discovery of the Bismarck, Argo maneuvers slowly around the half-buried hull, trying to determine the extent of the damage. I think any time you retell a story, particularly World War II, people learn from it, the futileness of it, the stupidity of it, the wastefulness of it. I think we need to be reminded of that. And I think one needs to be reminded of all that happened during World War II. I think it's very critical that people reflect back. So we don't repeat these things. All right, Martin, sequence through. Okay, stop. What's that? All right, down, look. It's a swastika. Look at it. Is it a swastika? It's a cross. A cross? No, that's not a cross. Oh, you can see the lower legs. That's a swastika. It's a swastika, yeah. Some part of it's covered up by the sediment, and the other part is chopped off. All right, down, look. Now the ship that Hitler called this majestic giant of the sea can only be glimpsed in fragments, a ghostly section of the bow and specks of polished teak. Bismarck's 15-inch guns, once held in place by their own weight, fell free when she rolled underwater. Only empty holes remain. Across one of the four turret holes, a crane lies toppled. Much of the forward superstructure was destroyed, but the open bridge and conning tower still remain. A moment's glory, then 50 years of darkness. We got it all. I mean, there's absolutely no... The whole ship is here. We're missing, it looks like, all the big turrets, but almost all the other armament is present on the ship. We're only missing the big guns. Although the four main turrets are gone, Bismarck's smaller guns remain in place, as if still menacing the sea. I'm sure the stack's gone, but this gun is lost. Zoom down. There's an anti-aircraft gun. See him? That guy's pointed. The fact that the ship is in one piece seems to confirm German reports that it was scuttled, though the issue is still being debated. I'm sure that it was a combination of scuttling and all the damage it took, and I just find it difficult to understand why they're so concerned about it, and I guess it boils down to pride. Germans wanting to be proud that the British couldn't sink it and the British wanting to be proud that they could. I'm just shocked that there's hardly that much apparent damage other than the loss of those four turrets and the loss of some of the superstructure. I thought it was going to be an awful sight, and it's strangely beautiful. The Bismarck survivors have been in the water over an hour when the British cruiser Dorsetshire arrives to pull them from the sea. The rescue effort has hardly begun when the Dorsetshire's captain gets a report that a German U-boat has been spotted. In an action that remains controversial to this day, he orders a retreat. The question runs through my mind. The question runs through my head all the time. Why did Captain Martin stop the rescue while so many hundreds of men were still in the water? I can only interpret it as an act of revenge for what happened to the Hood, which sank with all her crew except for the three men who were rescued. Hardly had I been taken underneath on board the Dorsetshire but I felt by the vibrations of the ship that she had gone with utmost speed and I had been one of the last to be rescued without ever having a notion of it so far. It was a terrible thing. The water around Dorsetshire's stern foamed and bubbled with the sudden exertion of the screws. Slowly, then faster, the ship moved ahead. Bismarck survivors who were almost on board were bundled over the guardrails onto the deck. Those halfway up the ropes found themselves trailing a stern hung on as long as they could against the forward movement of the ship, dropped off one by one. Others in the water clawed frantically at the paintwork as the sides slipped by. In Dorsetshire they heard the thin cries of hundreds of Germans who had come within an inch of rescue, had believed that their long ordeal was at last over, cries that the British sailors, no less than survivors already on board, would always remember. From the water, Bismarck's men watched appalled as the cruiser's grey sides swept past them, believed then that tales they'd heard about the British not caring much about survivors were true after all, presently found themselves alone in the sunshine on the empty, tossing sea. And during the day, as they floated about the Atlantic with only lifebelts between them and eternity, the cold came to their testicles and hands and feet and heads, and one by one they lost consciousness, and one by one they died. One of the German sailors rescued by the Dorsetshire dies the following day and is buried at sea. The chaplain was there with some British crewmen and we stood across from them, face to face, just staring at each other, not sure what was happening. Then we heard a military signal and I realized it was a funeral for my friend. One of us borrowed a harmonica and played Ich hatte einen Kamerad, I once had a comrade. The British had tears in their eyes, just like us. He had stood next to me. He had marched by my side. It is sometimes difficult to be reminded all the time. It's hard to explain On one hand you are glad you survived, but then you are pulled back into the past again. It's inevitable that all great ships in the sea will be found someday. I think the key thing is how do we treat it. What's our reaction to it? Do we treat it respectfully? Do we not touch it, not disturb it, do it with respect? To me the Bismarck is the war grave. Chase and Sinking of the Bismarck was without doubt one of the great sea epics of all time. And it was because of the changing fortunes of either side. This great, vast, huge monster came out of its lair and then in a flash it sinks the big British monster, disappears. We look for it. We can't find it. A little tiny airplane suddenly finds it, reports where it is. Another little tiny airplane sends a torpedo which cripples it. And then the big British ships can come up and sink it. It's an extraordinary story. I mean it's full of heroism and it's full of... it's full of heroism and it's full of pride on both sides. I mean these were wonderful ships and the impersonality of it all. You see they... we all fired at each other without seeing the enemy. We never saw the enemy at all. The only time I ever saw the enemy was when this little trickle of men ran down on the Bismarck's quarter deck and jumped into the sea. Apart from that I could have been firing or we could have been... we weren't firing ourselves but the British could have been firing at... castles. Sea battle is a very impersonal thing. It won't happen again. Not like that.