#179 Top 10 Ngộ Nhận Sai Lầm Nhất Về Vũ Trụ! | Vũ Trụ #30

Hello, nice to meet you again in another video about the universe, and this time it's a very special video about the universe. We all know that the universe, for most people, is a faraway, mysterious, and mysterious topic, and there are always new things. That's why there are a lot of myths, false illusions that people often impose on the universe. And through the thousands of comments we read in the 29 videos in the Party Facts universe series, we have summarized the most common misconceptions. Welcome to the Top 10 Misconceptions about the Universe. The sun is the only star with planets around it. Today, experts believe that most of the stars in the Milky Way have planets orbiting around them. Not because people have observed hundreds of billions of planets orbiting hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way, but because people believe that the way stars in the universe are formed is quite similar, that is, from the collapse, or the reoccurrence of huge gas clouds. And because the sun has 8 planets around it, there is no reason not to believe that each star in the number of more than 100 billion stars in the Milky Way has at least one planet for itself. The planet closest to the sun is the hottest planet. Everyone knows that the order of planets in the solar system, from the inside to the outside, in turn, is Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Normally, the planet closest to the sun is the hottest planet. But in this case, the hottest planet according to the sun is not Mercury, but Venus. In fact, while the surface temperature of Mercury fluctuates from 427 degrees Celsius during the day and 173 degrees Celsius at night, the average surface temperature of Venus rises to 462 degrees Celsius at any location and at any time. The reason is that Mercury has almost no atmosphere, so the heat it receives during the day will quickly dissipate into the space at night. On the other hand, Venus not only has an atmosphere, it also has an extremely dense atmosphere with mainly CO2, a kind of greenhouse gas that occupies planets. To make it easier for you to imagine, when humanity is struggling to deal with the greenhouse effect and global warming, the CO2 content in the atmosphere of the Earth is only 0.04%. Meanwhile, the CO2 content in the atmosphere of Venus rises to 96.5%. Not only that, the pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of this planet rises to 91 atmosphere, that is, 91 times the pressure of the atmosphere at the surface of the Earth. To make it easier for you to imagine, standing on the surface of Venus is the same as swimming at a depth of about 910 meters below the surface of the Earth without wearing protective clothing. The sun is burning. It's easy to understand when someone thinks that the heat that the sun gets comes from burning. Simply because when something burns, it will be hot, and the sun is very hot, with a surface temperature of 5,500.5 degrees Celsius and a temperature at the core up to 15 million degrees Celsius. But the fact is that the numbers above do not come from the burning. It is defined as a process, more precisely, an oxidation reaction, in which a substance is required to act as an oxidant, such as wood, coal, or butane and propane in your gas tank and an oxidant, usually oxygen. The sun has a substance, which accounts for 73.46% of the mass, but it does not have oxygen. More precisely, it does not have enough oxygen, when this substance accounts for 0.77% of the mass of the sun. In addition, the universe has the nature of a vacuum, that is, there is nothing, including oxygen, to maintain the burning. This means that, in theory, you cannot burn anything in the universe. Back to the sun, the heat released by this atom gives life to our planet, from the nuclear reaction at the core of the main star, the main sequence star, a reaction in which two lighter hydrogen atoms are combined into a heavier helium atom, while releasing a little extra energy in the form of sunlight. That's right, we live on the sun's food. And because the sun does not burn, you cannot use water to turn off the sun. Therefore, scientists believe that a large stream of water flowing straight into the sun will make the process of carbonization at the core of this star become more intense and make the light in the afternoon on the earth become more intense because it accidentally adds a large amount of necessary hydrogen to the nuclear reactions. The human body will explode in space. But this does not mean that the human body will explode like a balloon when it is thrown into space without a protective suit. It is agreed that the human body in direct contact with space will probably die anyway, but the explosion sounds a bit Hollywood. Accordingly, the superconductivity will immediately make water lie in unprotected systems and fluids wet the lungs boil and quickly expel air. The air in the lungs will quickly explode causing you to break your lungs if you do not immediately blow them all out. Oxygen in the blood and the rest of your body will also explode. You will double up and become fat. But whatever you say, you will not explode thanks to the amazing elasticity of the skin. Going out of space is not important. These scenes can make many people imagine that astronauts in space become weightless because they no longer have to be affected by the gravity of the Earth. In fact, what astronauts feel on ISS is really weightlessness. But this feeling is not because they are in a weightless environment. In fact, people can calculate that at a distance of 400 km, the gravity of the Earth affects the International Space Station by about 10%, which is still at 90%. Just like the Moon, about 400,000 km away from us still has about 17% of gravity on the surface of the Earth. From there, we see that the idea that astronauts on the International Space Station are in a weightless environment, that is, not affected by the gravity of the Earth is completely unreasonable. Still, the weightlessness that astronauts on ISS experience comes from the fact that they and the space station are flying freely around the Earth with a speed of about 7.66 km per second. It sounds complicated, but in fact, the speed of space station and astronauts inside is adjusted to match the gravity of the surface of the Earth and therefore will never fall, but only fly around. In other words, to experience the feeling of weightlessness when the space station is flying freely or inside a plane that is falling to the ground. The universe is like a giant vacuum cleaner. The definition of the black hole is very easy to make people have wrong thoughts about this object. A space-time zone possesses a strong gravitational field, even light, the fastest thing in the universe, cannot escape from it. It sounds like the black hole is a giant vacuum cleaner that can absorb anything around it. Not at all. Although there is a strong gravitational field, the black hole is not a vacuum cleaner like many people still imagine. In fact, scientists believe that replacing the sun with a black hole with the same mass as the sun will almost not change the orbit of the Earth and the planets in the solar system. Simply because of the gravitational force generated by the sun will be equal to the gravitational force of the mass of the sun. Only when an unfortunate young man comes too close, the black hole becomes scary. The dark side of the moon Dark side of the moon The dark side of the moon or the dark side of the moon is a term that many people use to refer to a region that is said to never be bright on the moon, where something interesting is hidden. As usual, the darker it is, the more curious it is. But is it true that the moon exists in a region that is never bright? My answer is no. What a fascinating phenomenon! Gravitational Locking makes the moon lose about 27.322 days to orbit the Earth and also lose 27 days to orbit its own mass. This incident makes us only observe 49% of the moon's surface is always facing the Earth, the remaining 41% is always out of the sun. However, this does not mean that the other half of the moon is always in the dark and is a mystery to humans. Therefore, when the moon enters the orbit between the Earth and the sun, in the new moon phase, which is the first days in the lunar month at this time, half of the moon, that is, the dark part of the moon, will be illuminated by the sun. It is clear that the sun is inviolable. The light year is the unit of measurement of time. It sounds right, but in fact it is not. The light year is a long unit of measurement defined as the distance light can travel in space in exactly one year, which is 9.25 days, and has a value of 9.46 trillion km. Therefore, when we say sitting behind a pot, sitting behind that, 100 light years away from the Earth, it means that the distance from that pot to the Earth is exactly the distance light can travel in space in 100 years, which is about 946 trillion km. This is a basic concept, so we put it in the third place. Everything is just a theory. Big Bang is just a theory. Theoretically, relatively wide or relatively narrow, in short, it is just a theory, not a fact. Even the field of studying all those things is only called theoretical physics. Theoretical physics. But that theory must be right. If you think so, you may be wrong. And what makes you wrong is the difference in terms between the scientific theory and the theory in daily life. Therefore, to be recognized as a scientific theory, a theory needs to be tested and examined many times by scientific methods, using observations, as well as a set of definitions, rules, but the numbers are still considered to be true. And in daily life, when we say something in the theory, it often means the opposite, that is, it has not been verified and there is a high possibility that it does not happen in real life. So to see that all the theories we mentioned in the videos about the universe may not be accurate, but they are the closest to the truth that the greatest minds of mankind can find. So just believe in it or try to prove that they are wrong. The diameter of the universe is only 27.6 billion light years. After almost every video we mention the age of the universe and the diameter of the observable universe, questions like this always appear. Why does the universe only exist 13.8 billion years, but the diameter of the observable universe is 93 billion light years? Nonsense! Need an explanation? In fact, there is nothing nonsense here. The universe really only exists 13.8 billion years. It is true that nothing can move in space faster than light. But it is true that the diameter of the observable universe is 93 billion light years. The cause is that the universe has been expanding at an increasing rate since the time of the Big Bang. More specifically, as previously shown in a previous video, after the Big Bang, from the time of the Big Bang to 10 minus 32 seconds after the Big Bang, the universe did not stop expanding but at a much slower rate and slowly grew 9.8 billion years since the Big Bang and only increased by 4.5 billion years due to the absorption of dark energy, a kind of mysterious energy that penetrates space, taking up 68% of the universe's mass and is said to have a tendency to promote the expansion of the universe. And that's why the observable universe has a diameter of 93 billion light years, while the universe only exists 13.8 billion years. For those of you who are wondering why the universe can expand faster than the speed of light, when Einstein's relatively special law limits the speed of light to 299,792,458 meters per second, which is the fastest speed that all matter and information can move in space, I would like to say that this law only applies to matter and information moving in space, not to the universe itself or to the space of the universe. You just finished watching the top 10 most wrong assumptions about the universe made by VFX. Let me know your thoughts by commenting below your assumptions in the above book. If you like this video, remember to like and share enthusiastically. Don't forget to subscribe to the channel and click the bell to not miss any content from VFX. And now, goodbye and see you again.