중앙아시아 유목민족 중 유일한 다른 혈통의, 타지키스탄의 역사 유목민족사

Hello, this is Historian Doppogi. Central Asia is a place that is not very popular in the world. It's a town called Stan. But ironically, Central Asia is a place that stimulates mysteriousness and curiosity. The Stans of Central Asia are the countries built by nomads in the past. If you say nomads today, it's a bit different, right? That's why the countries of Central Asia seem to be more attractive. In this video, we will look at the history of Tajikistan after Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan. First of all, the meaning of Stan is the land of someone. Therefore, the name of the country of Tajikistan can be interpreted as the land of the Tajiks. Most of the people who lost their country in Central Asia are of Turkic descent. Like Uzbeks, some people are of Turkic descent from the beginning. There were also people who could not avoid Turkicization even if they did not start with Turkic descent like Kyrgyz or Kazakhs. In the meantime, the only nomadic people who avoided Turkicization were the Tajiks of Tajikistan. The Scythians, who are considered to be the first nomadic people in human history to originate from the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, were attacked by the West and the Middle East and gradually moved eastward. Some moved to Siberia and some to Iran. Among the Scythians who moved to Iran, the nomadic people who did not become Turkic are the Tajiks of today. Therefore, they are classified as Persian Iran, not Turkic Iran. So, unlike other Central Asians, the Tajiks are closer to the white people of the West. Today's Tajikistan is called Transoxiana. In this region, there was a nomadic people who traded between the West and the East through the Silk Road, and they were the Sogdians. The Scythians of Persian Iran, who did not become Turkic, started from the Sogdians. Thanks to the Sogdians, the Dolgol Empire, which was the owner of Mongolia at the time, was able to communicate with the Byzantine Empire of Eastern Europe. The main point of the Sogdians was Bukhara, Samarkand in present-day Uzbekistan, and Panjkint in present-day Tajikistan. If you analyze the Sogdian castle ruins of Panjkint, it is said that there are 3,000 to 4,000 castles within 1,750 meters of the castle wall, and there is also a structure of two or three floors. The Sogdians were also in charge of spreading various religions between the East and the West. The Sogdians' palace murals, which are still being discovered, and the traditional costumes of people all over the world are drawn, so it is said to be almost like a museum. The Sogdians seem to have spread to Silla. It is said that the unidentified statue of King Wonseong, the 38th king of the unified Silla, is the face of the Sogdians. However, the Sogdians, who made huge money in the East and the West, disappeared from history with the Islamic forces advancing from Arabia and the direct bombing of the Black Death. As it almost disappeared like this, the people who flowed down from a branch of the Sogdians are the Tajiks. So the Tajiks consider the Sogdians as their ancestors. For reference, among the minorities of Tajikistan, there is a person named Yagnobi, and this Yagnobi is recognized as the tongue of the Sogdians. The meaning of Tajik itself refers to nations that have not become Turkic. However, in the legend of the Tajiks, Tajik means crown. Then, if it's not a Turkic nation like other Central Asians, aren't the Tajiks Islam? No, the Tajiks are also Islam. Because the Tajiks are also Persian, they are Islamized under the influence of Iran. The history that led to this was the Saman dynasty, one of the dynasties of Iran. The Saman dynasty declared its roots in the Persian Sassanid dynasty, but the actual ancestor of the Saman dynasty was the Saman Khuda, a descendant of Transoxiana. The meaning of Iran-Persia of Transoxiana is Tajik, so many people say that the Saman dynasty is the first country of the Tajiks. Anyway, because it was the Saman dynasty that dominated the personality of the Persian Sassanid dynasty, the Saman dynasty also nationalized Islam, and at this time the Tajiks were also Islamized. However, after the destruction of the Saman dynasty in the 10th century, Iran and the Tajiks are the same Islam, but they are divided by believing in different religions. The Tajiks are influenced by other Iran-Persians living in the north of Afghanistan, and they believe in Ismailism among the two religions of Islam, Sunniism and Shiaism. Ismailism is a minority among the Islamic sects. Despite the spread of larger religions, the reason why the Tajiks were able to survive Ismailism was because their residence was in a high and barren plateau, the Pamir Plateau, which was relatively vulnerable to external cultural shock. The Pamir Plateau is the highest plateau on Earth, and the average elevation is 3,500 to 4,500 meters. Although they believe in Islam of other religions, in terms of life and culture, the Tajiks are quite similar to Iran. So the Tajiks are also called East Persia. After the destruction of the Saman dynasty, the Tajiks are ruled by the Western Khorasan dynasty, but they are all trampled by Genghis Khan. As all of this came under the influence of the Mongol Empire, the Tajikistan Empire was part of the Chagatai Empire, the second son of the Mongol Empire's fourth country. After the Mongol Empire became weak, it was ruled by Timur, who claimed to be a descendant of Genghis Khan. After the Timur Empire disappeared, the Tajiks did not build their own country, like the Sogdians of the past, but served in trade or as mercenaries in Central Asia. But eventually, as Russia gradually took over Central Asia, the Tajiks also belonged to Russia. If you go further down Central Asia, you will enter the Indian culture. Britain was holding it tight there. Russia also stopped entering Central Asia to some extent because it would be a headache if it invaded Britain. That was the border between Tajikistan and Afghanistan. The Tajiks, led by Russia and Britain, were divided into the Tajikistan of today and the north of Afghanistan. So the Tajikistan and Afghanistan borders of today were the borders of Russia and Britain in the past. In 1917, when the Russian Revolution broke out and the Soviets entered, at first, the Tajiks belonged to the Bukhara Soviet People's Republic in Uzbekistan. However, the Iran-Persian world, which did not become Turk, that is, the Tajiks, drew a line saying that it was different from Uzbekistan and shouted for independence. In 1929, the Soviets established the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic on the land of Tajikistan. In 1990, when Armenian refugees entered the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, the capital Dushanbe, which could not accept refugees in a difficult economic situation, was hit by an anti-government riot. When the Soviet Union was disbanded in 1991, the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic became independent as Tajikistan of today. The flag drew seven stars in the middle, the Tajik language source, the crown, which the Tajiks themselves speak of. The background color used red, white, and green from the top, The red symbolizes the blood of the Tajik warriors, the white symbolizes the eyes seen in this country's highlands, and the green symbolizes the color that is important in Islam and Persia. The capital was Dushanbe, the capital of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic. Dushanbe was one of the major cities since the Silk Road era. The first president of Tajikistan was Karl Makhamov, who was the head of the Tajikistan Communist Party. He was elected president of Tajikistan just before the independence of Tajikistan. However, Karl Makhamov's political support was very weak. Since the outbreak of Dushanbe, the Tajik people have been opposed to the government. In addition, Karl Makhamov supported the coup d'etat in Russia, where the militants kidnapped Gorbachev. As a result, the support of Karl Makhamov in Tajikistan fell. Karl Makhamov resigned, and Rahmon Ramiyev was elected as the second president in 1991. However, President Nabiyev, the second president, did not want the dissolution and independence of the Soviet Union like Makhamov, who was the first president. He was not confident in his own ability. The people of Tajikistan were divided whether the dissolution and independence of the Soviet Union was a good thing or a bad thing for the future of Tajikistan. Not only the difference in political opinions, but also religiously, the people who want to uphold the fundamentalism of Islam and the people who want to actively embrace Westernized culture were divided. Even after the dissolution and independence of the Soviet Union, President Nabiyev continued to show his will to rely on Russia and tried to accept Westernized culture. In 1992, the fundamentalists of Islam in the eastern part of Tajikistan, in the Pamir Plateau, started a civil war. The fundamentalists of Islam in the eastern part of the civil war were supported by the Taliban in Afghanistan, and the government forces suppressing the rebellion were supported by Russia. Due to the psychological pressure of starting a civil war in Tajikistan and personal health issues, President Nabiyev handed over power to his close friend, Emomali Rahmon. However, it was not voluntary, but it was a semi-forced objection due to threats. Emomali Rahmon, who became the third president in 1994 after serving as the president for a while, entered into a civil war in Tajikistan with the support of many countries and the UN, and the civil war in Tajikistan ended in 1997, five years later. In the process of entering into a civil war, the government forces, despite not being extremists of Islam, besieged and massacred ethnic minorities in Tajikistan. In particular, the whole of Tajikistan is actually the Pamir Plateau, and this place is called the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region. Since it is a highland region, the proportion of ethnic minorities is very high. The civil war in Tajikistan also took place here. The ethnic minorities living in this area are called the Pamir. The government forces, regardless of ethnicity, whether or not they cooperated in the civil war, brutally besieged and massacred the Pamir. Although the civil war ended, in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, the civil war is constantly taking place, unlike the peaceful natural scenery. President Rahmon, the third president, said that he would not let the civil war in Tajikistan reoccur, and used the excuse of the extremism of Islam as an excuse to monopolize. In fact, all the people of Tajikistan monopolize human rights and control the media. It's been over 30 years. When will President Rahmon's monopoly end? It was a history book. The easiest first step in history, a book of history books. From beginners to people who like history, it is a kind of self-development book that can be read deeply You can buy it at Kyobo Bookstore Aladdin Yes24, so please pay a lot of attention. Our history book has started membership registration. 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