Kurzvorträge Block 4 - Neuzeit-Archäologie

Now we go back to the Kappelstrasse in Lippstadt, where Dr. Maliaris has already given an interesting report. This comes from the finding 183 of this object that you see in the image, which, due to its color, already clearly indicates that these are iron corrosion products, or in other words rust. In addition, its current shape clearly points in the direction of an axe. This should then still be visible. Just like on archaeological excavations, we are responsible for extracting information sources in the restoration. That is, to simply extract information from the pieces, as much as possible. This usually succeeds. We then make it available to you, put it together and communicate it, very important. The vast majority of the found information can be read on the original surface, which we release, make readable and preserve. Under the original surface, we understand that the metal finds have a layer of corrosion, which formed the metal surface at that time. In this, traces and indications of the manufacture, the decoration and the wear can be found. This is the surface that is relevant to us and that we can read the most on. In rare cases, we also drill the pieces, if they are bronze pieces, to make metal analyses. We don't do it with iron finds, because the analysis is very complicated and the devil is in the details. Conserving rubble means wet chemical desalination for iron finds, to protect the partially very salty pieces from the devastating post-corrosion. We use sodium alginate to wash out the water-soluble salts. This mainly applies to finds that lie under industrially fertilized fields. A lot of salt accumulates at the iron core and is initially water-soluble in the soil, but only lasts for 15 seconds. In the picture, you can already see some characteristics of this medieval find. On the left, the cut, on the right, the eye for the recording of the wood sheathing. Two iron pins are used for this. Possibly, the sheathing was healed with this. The sheathing was routinely done with a grinding machine and fine rays. This leads to the original surface, which is mainly still in its original state. Only on the back, you can see a larger corrosion bubble, on which the original surface also runs. I found a red trace. You can see it here in this yellow circle, which made me feel a little uneasy. The red trace is completely different in color and is on the surface. Now I jump back two and a half weeks. Our study-preparing intern, Verona Schumacher, had a Zimmermann hammer in processing of the same dig from the find 146. She processed it very well, laid it out very well, and again and again she came across small traces of reddish discoloration. This made me look closer at the pin. I then also saw these red traces. Here you can see it again on the pin. Of course, there are also iron corrosion products with such a reddish discoloration, but not with this discoloration and not exactly on the original surface. We still have to take a closer look at it, also examine with RFA whether it is perhaps only a corrosion phenomenon or what it could be. Of course, we also want to talk to the excavator again and ask which exact find it comes from. Thank you very much. Yes, hello, we are moving to Sendenhorst, a small town 19 km southeast of Münster. We start here with a drone shot and a view of the southeast of the Sendenhorst old town. In 2022, extensive renovation measures were introduced here, which of course also included archaeological investigations. Let's first look at the written transmission to Sendenhorst. It is so close that already around 900, in the area of ​​today's Kernstadt, a group of courtyards existed. From here, the church village developed until the 12th century. Let us now dive a little more into this epoch of the High Middle Ages. In the excavation areas, 150 meters of airline south of the village church, various graves and post pits count for the High Middle Ages. The post pits, which we were also able to dig in Ölde in the last few years, probably served as parcel borders and for drainage purposes. These were excavated, as well as the others shown here, by the archaeological company Archäologie am Hellweg. The subsequent late Middle Ages is shaped by a deepening exclusion of this urban area. In the archaeological discovery, this was reflected in the current claims, especially by numerous well structures. In this example on the left, two specimens followed one another. Subsequently, quite complex wooden sub-constructions could also be documented, which, however, had to be examined more dendrochronologically. In this well on the right, the wooden sub-construction formed a barrel, which was later drilled for filtration purposes. The transition from the late Middle Ages to the early Neolithic is marked by the discovery of a so-called oak horn, directly on the top left, fresh from the excavation. This is a toning horn, which, among other things, is seen in connection with the pilgrimage to Aachen, but also in connection with other aspects of religiosity. Down here is a comparison object from Billerbeck. Probably in the period of the 17th and 18th centuries, a Westphalian Lippe only rarely found an archaeological discovery, the waste pit of a glass workshop. Here you can see photos of the excavation and processing of the find. Typically, the glass is green, but there are also glasses in red or blue, if you can show that here. Here you can also see a painting on this object. It was also processed with a so-called coarse iron and cut. The finds are also partly preserved. Here on a glass object there is still a lead rod as a find. It is unclear as to where the glass was brought to Sendenhorst. Ultimately, the locations of the glasshouses that provided Sendenhorst. But only the processing of this find will be followed by its own scientific project. Finally, a comment. As a legal basis for these archaeological measures, the foundation of a suspected land monument was used. Again, a good example of how important this legal handling for the consistent maintenance of land monuments in the historical old towns of Westphalia is. Thank you very much. Yes, I am pleased that I can conclude the blog with a very positive example of a volunteer. It is about Stalag 326 in Stukenbrock, the headquarters of the Second World War, primarily for Soviet prisoners of war. In 2015, refugee accommodations had to be created quickly. This led to the removal of 30,000 square meters of upper ground on the state property. The local caretaker Ludwig Teichmann noticed this. At that time, it was not yet a buried land monument. It immediately went to the construction company and the entire upper ground was meticulously examined in weeks of activity. And that was very successful. You can see that. It is, we see it at the bottom right of the picture, the area of the German camp and the pre-camp, the upper ground of it. And accordingly, of course, the barracks of the prisoners of war were not examined, but those of the guards and also in the pre-camp of the registrar's office. There are over 1,200 rawlings of these brands alone. You can see them at the bottom right. I think it's better in the picture than here. I just wanted to take it into my hand because of the size comparison. The prisoners were registered first, of course. They came to the examination and then everyone got such a brand. And as I said, 223 have already been marked. And the other rawlings have not yet been distributed. This is basically the core of this fund convolution. But it also includes what we have already found in the stalag during excavations. A lot of these coupling dishes, of course, with names on them. And a nice individual piece, what we see here, is made of coupling dishes. This aluminum is of course used again and again. All raw materials were used again and again in such prisoners of war camps. In the first place, of course, as lice camps. And then cut and sawed in use. But we also have a lot of other funds. More than 2,000 funds have been saved, which are now being taken over from the country as a treasure shelf. And then, of course, for the exhibition in the fall in Herne. And later also for the memorial in the construction site. Thank you.