Kelten im Mittelalter? | Wiegand von Marburg

What do you think of when you think of Celts? Unyielding warriors? Mysterious druids? Rebellious and always quarrelsome people who have a strange culture? Do you call them Gallia or Galata or Celts? And above all, what is left of it? Is there more than just a pale memory of the Celts? Maybe we can clarify that a bit in this video. Hello and welcome to a new vegan video. Yes, this time I actually have two topics that don't fit together at first glance. Because it's supposed to be about the Celts and the Middle Ages. Again, I haven't been completely idle since the last video, but I recorded a podcast with Eike from Keines Weibes Knecht. This is now the second one. And of course I'll link it down in the comments. But you can also find all the other cooperations if you go to my Community. There are the other podcasts and also a video where I just walk through the picture with Felix den Ritter. So if you're a little curious, just take a look around. For example at Community. Or take a look at the playlists. Maybe you'll find things about the areas of interest to you. Just take a look around. Otherwise, of course, for everyone who is new to it, or who doesn't know yet, that you can reach me via Facebook, Instagram, by e-mail and of course also in the comments below. And of course I'm also happy if you click on the subscribe button. And maybe you can also activate the bell so that you know when new videos are coming. You probably know that. Okay, so when are the Celts located? Pretty much in the Iron Age. So what we also call Antiquity. That is, there is such a predecessor culture, the Urnenfelder culture, which appeared around 850 BC. And it settled at the end of the Bronze Age. And at the moment when these people learn to process iron, the Celtic Age basically begins. So around 700 BC we have something to do with the so-called Hallstatt era. Because one of the most important places of early excavations is the town of Hallstatt in Austria, in the Salzkammergut. This early Celtic culture is then replaced by the so-called Latin culture. Again a place with certain finds. Here you can easily see a development. And we speak of the Latin culture around 500 BC and 100 or 50 BC, i.e. the last century BC. And that's where the Celtic Age in Central Europe stops for the historian. Yes, if you read something about the Celts, or maybe see something in a museum or something, then it almost always means the mysterious Celts. The secret of the Celts. The people from the dark stuff and the like. Why are the Celts so mysterious? Because they didn't write anything down. We now have a writing culture and we like to read things from texts. And the Celts left us almost nothing. Everything we know about the Celts is from other peoples. For example from the Greeks, from Herodotus and Hesiod and Homer, up to the Romans, up to the Gallic War of Caesar, for example. Until the Romans defeated and conquered the Celts, their area of ​​distribution was spread across Central Europe, with a core in southern Germany and eastern France, and even into present-day Turkey. Nice and good. And what does all this have to do with the Middle Ages? If it actually belongs completely to antiquity. I want to feel exactly this story now, because, as some of you may know, I made videos about the Arthus legend a few months ago and basically came across Celtic culture again. Celtic culture in the Middle Ages. And that made me feel a little more about the whole thing. And in fact, I'm going to make the thesis that a lot of Celtic culture has not only been preserved in the Middle Ages, but has even come back to some extent. And I want to break it down a little bit here. So, Celtic culture, or rather Celtic peoples, have been pushed from the Romans and also from Germanic peoples to the west, to the northwest, in essence. And we can still see that today, that there are still countries where Celtic languages are spoken, mainly in Ireland, especially in the west of Ireland. And in Scotland, or on the Scottish Islands, the Hybrids, for example. Also in Wales and Britain. These are, so to speak, the last reservations, i.e. the last retreats of the Celts, who were pushed there in antiquity or were not conquered there. Now, of all people, the Irish and the Scots are among the first peoples in northern Europe who are Christianized. Or who mainly accepted the Catholic or some kind of Catholic faith. The Irish have also made a little bit of their own out of it at the time. In any case, Irish and Scottish monks founded monasteries very early in the 3rd, 4th century and began to missionarize. And we have a first wave of missions also to Central Europe, which is still largely pagan at the time, to the old gods. And, for example, Kilian, who missionaries to southern Germany, is, I don't know, Irish. And these Irish, at that time, wrote great, artistic books, especially Bibles, also songs and the like, which still belong to the World Heritage and perhaps to the most beautiful books ever created. For example, the Book of Kells. I have a few examples of this here. And here in the book painting, especially in the book painting, we can see very clearly Celtic influences, Celtic craftsmanship, i.e. ornamentation, also animal depictions and the like, which basically already existed in the past Weapons or shields or fiddles, belt buckles or the like can also be seen. So we have a certain art style that comes back to Central Europe through the early Christian monks and of course also influences the church here, the book painting, the writing culture and the like. So 300, 400, 500 years after the Celtic world is over here, art styles and Celtic art understanding come back to the church. Point 1. Point 2. In the High Middle Ages, I have already described this, as I said, in the videos about the Arthus saga, there is now also the enthusiasm for knight novels and for the whole Arthus, for the entire Arthus cycle, also a little bit of the world of imagination of the old Celts. Because some of the Celtic heroes, of the knights of the board game, are actually just insignificant old Celtic deities and some are also in their way of thinking and in what they do clearly shaped by Celtic influences. And so in the High Middle Ages we suddenly have Bedivere and Morgana and Lancelot and similar heroes who have a very clear Celtic shape that come back like a boomerang to the Central Europe of the High Middle Ages. So here, too, there is again, even if it's just an echo, maybe a slight echo of the Celtic world of legends, of the Celtic world of gods, of the Celtic sensibility of art above all, of the art of storytelling, of the art of storytelling of the Celts. There are a few influences that are recognizable and also stringently recognizable. Yes, when I then dealt with the Celtic theme, I surprisingly found that not all Celts were completely displaced to the West. Many, of course, simply assimilated or mixed with the Germanic tribes and there were actually a few refuges left, a few islands, language islands. For example, where one might not expect it at all, there is a language island around the Mosel, the Mosel Romanische. Celtic tribes were settled here and they were Romanized. As you probably know, Trier was basically a Roman city and the tribes around there were Latinized, as well as the whole Gallic area, the French side. And this language island actually stayed up to the high Middle Ages. So you could still feel it in the 12th century, you could still find it in certain words. And as I said, once Roman, Latin terms, but also Celtic, which can be found in local names and partly also in certain terms in the dialect. And now comes something that really amazed me. So I didn't know that before. In our own language there are also plenty of words with Celtic origin. So many, much more than I would have expected, as I said. And I have a whole list here, for example the office, the oath, the geyser, the cart, even the horse. All words with Celtic origin. A few of them pretty sure, a few of them still a bit speculative. You may have to do some research to completely secure it. But you can always compare it with other languages that have Celtic roots. Or maybe also with texts from the Antiquity, which in turn use Celtic terms. And then you can be relatively sure that it actually has a connection. Did you know that? Do you perhaps know more terms and, above all, local names? So I also know, for example, that the Main, that, for example, the river name Main, is also of Celtic origin. If you know more about it, just write it down in the comments. Let's see if you can put a lot together. Maybe it wasn't new to you either, but I found it really amazing. So in connection with this topic, I learned completely new things. Maybe it was the same for you. Next time I want to do something about pop culture again. It will be about medieval films, especially because a medieval film has just been released in the cinema and one will be coming soon. I didn't like one that much, at least in terms of equipment. And I'm looking forward to the others. So that will definitely be a topic in the next video. I'm glad you were there this time and hopefully you'll come back next time and take a look at it. Until then, bye! So, or ... Mom! Please don't talk!